Scientists think they solved the mystery of the Amaterasu particle

Partial image of Earth being struck by beam of light representing ultra-high energy cosmic ray from space, with galaxies and neutron stars in background.
Artist’s impression of an ultra-high energy cosmic ray reaching Earth. New research suggests that some of the highest-energy cosmic rays may consist of atomic nuclei heavier than iron. The background depicts candidate source objects for these cosmic rays, such as active galactic nuclei and strongly magnetized neutron stars. Credit: Osaka Metropolitan University/Kyoto University L-INSIGHT/Ryuunosuke Takeshige. All Rights Reserved.

The mysterious Amaterasu particle may not be a proton at all. New research suggests that some of the most extreme cosmic rays could be ultraheavy atomic nuclei, heavier than iron, which are better able to retain their energy while traveling through space...

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AI-designed universal vaccine clears first human trial, targets future coronavirus threats with needle-free delivery

Illustration of a colorful virus particle breaking apart, representing an AI-designed universal vaccine targeting rapidly mutating virus variants.
(Image Credit: Corona Borealis Studio/Shutterstock)

The first human clinical trial of a universal Sarbeco coronavirus vaccine, developed by the University of Cambridge and spin-out DIOSynVax (DVX) Ltd, has shown that the vaccine is safe and has no significant side effects.

The trial, involving 39 healthy volunteers, tested a vaccine designed to provide protection against multiple Sarbeco coronaviruses—the large group of viruses that occur in nature including SARS-CoV-2, which caused the COVID pandemic.

The vaccine triggered immune responses in the volunteers not only to SARS-CoV-2 and SARS, but to related bat viruses that could potentially jump from animals to humans and cause future pandemics.

This trial proves the safety of an entirely new way of designing vaccines...

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Driverless cars are on the rise and now we may know why they crash

Driverless car
Credit: Unsplash/CC0 Public Domain

For the first time, new algorithms may be able to automatically explain why some self-driving cars crash—a question crucial to answer as more autonomous vehicles take to the roads. This new approach, developed by researchers at King’s College London, reviews past events to explain why specific instances of failure happened, in the hope that this can be used to make improvements in the future.

The research was presented at the 2026 IEEE International Conference of Robotics and Automation.

Self-driving vehicles are increasingly being rolled out across the globe, in cities like London and San Francisco, but collisions and serious breaches of road safety have put pressure on manufacturers to explain why they make the mistakes they do...

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Lunar orbiter concept could reveal five key elements across moon in two years

X-ray telescopes on a satellite can map the Moon's surface chemistry in a few years
X-ray Fluorescence Imaging of the Moon. The team’s new compact and lightweight imaging unit can be installed on a long-term satellite mission. Their simulations show that a comprehensive map of the entire surface might be produced in a few years. Credit: Tokyo Metropolitan University

Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have used simulations to show that a newly developed, compact X-ray telescope could be used to map the chemical composition of the entire lunar surface, a vital breakthrough for understanding its geological evolution. Detailed modeling of the detector and a realistic satellite mission show that two years would be enough to map five key elements, while an array of 5-by-5 detectors could improve resolution and get results faster.

The geological evolution of t...

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