Galaxies are enormous and hold hundreds of billions of stars. These stars form from cold, dense gas...

The risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) or heart failure (HF), or dying, following a type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosis increases substantially over time, according to new research being presented at the annual meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) in Milan, Italy, Sept. 28–Oct. 2.

The study, which analyzed data from more than 1.6 million patients across the U.S., found that the combined risk of developing CKD or HF, or dying, was 33% on average within the first five years of a T2D diagnosis, rising to 55% over 10 years.

The researchers say their findings underscore the importance of early, proactive and more holistic approaches to managing type 2 diabetes to help reduce the risk of serious complications...

JWST reveals that newborn planets are racing against powerful winds and radiation before their supply of planet-building gas disappears. JWST has revealed that young planetary systems lose their planet-building gas through a changing mix of powerful jets, molecular winds, and radiation-driven outflows. As the disks age and their gas disappears, giant planets face a shrinking window to build massive atmospheres.

Planets take shape inside disks of gas and dust surrounding young stars, but the supply of gas they depend on is temporary...

The atoms of the 5th element of the periodic table often find themselves in the company of each other, forming allotropes with a rich variety of structural motifs, each carrying a unique set of chemical and physical properties. Despite the long catalog, most boron allotropes do not simultaneously possess high electrical conductivity and plasticity, but a recent study has expanded the portfolio.

Scientists have now designed a new allotrope called Imma-B60 by washing out the sodium from the sodium boride compound Na4B60. Their findings are published in Nature Chemistry.

Unlike the dense, tightly packed atomic arrang...