HYDRIODIC ACID
~ also known as Hydroiodic acid; 10034-85-2; Iodane; hydrogen iodide; Hydriotic acid; etc. is the second strongest hydrohalic acid, following hydroastatic acid. Hydriodic acid is a generally used chemical reagent. It is one of the strong acids that ionize totally in an aqueous solution.
Chemical structure: The chemical formula of hydroiodic acid is HI. It has a molar mass of 127.91 g/mol. the gaseous form is Hydrogen iodide, while hydroiodic acid is the aqueous form of HI. They can both be interchanged. The structure of HI, which is a simple diatomic molecule, is given below:
Properties: Hydrogen iodide is a colorless gas. It has a pungent smell that is soluble in water to give hydroiodic acid. Concentrated hydroiodic acid is generally 48 to 57% HI in water. Its precise physical properties are dependent on the concentration of HI in aqueous solution. Hydroiodic acid is a very strong and reactive acid. It must be used cautiously due to its powerful reactivity. It can react aggressively with metal powders, ammonia, etc., to produce fire and explosions. It is extremely corrosive and reacts strongly with bases. HI also decomposes upon heating to generate toxic fumes, and gets oxidized quickly in air.
Production:
- Hydroiodic acid is commercially prepared by the reaction of iodine (I2) with hydrazine. this produces hydrogen iodide and nitrogen gas.
2 I2 + NH2NH2 → 4 HI + N2
- Hydroiodic acid is also produced by passing hydrogen sulfide gas through an aqueous solution of iodine.
H2S + I2 → 2 HI + S
Upon the completion of the reaction, HI is refined to give hydroiodic acid in the preferred concentrations.
Chemical reactions and Uses: Hydroiodic acid reacts with oxygen in the air; this contributes to the deep colors related to old samples;
4 HI + O2 → 2 H2O + 2 I2
HI + I2 → HI3
As we have with other halogens, hydroiodic acid will carry out addition reactions with unsaturated hydrocarbons like alkenes.
It is used for making a lot of agricultural products and chemicals. It is also used in the preparation of methamphetamine from pseudoephedrine.
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