Category Physics

Performing Matrix Multiplications at the Speed of Light for Enhanced Cybersecurity

Matrix multiplications at the speed of light
Electro-optic blocks cointegrated for the development of a neuromorphic photonic processor. Credit: Giamougiannis et al., doi 10.1117/1.AP.5.1.016004

“All things are numbers,” avowed Pythagoras. Today, 25 centuries later, algebra and mathematics are everywhere in our lives, whether we see them or not. The Cambrian-like explosion of artificial intelligence (AI) brought numbers even closer to us all, since technological evolution allows for parallel processing of a vast amounts of operations.

Progressively, operations between scalars (numbers) were parallelized into operations between vectors, and subsequently, matrices. Multiplication between matrices now trends as the most time- and energy-demanding operation of contemporary AI computational systems...

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New Type of Solar Cell is being tested in Space

New type of solar cell is being tested in space
Nanowires in three materials imaged by a scanning electron microscope. A thread is a thousand times thinner than a strand of hair. The red and blue colour shows the direction of the current, and that the nanowires work as a tandem solar cell. Credit: Lund University

Physics researchers at Lund University in Sweden recently succeeded in constructing small solar radiation-collecting antennas—nanowires—using three different materials that are a better match for the solar spectrum compared with today’s silicon solar cells. As the nanowires are light and require little material per unit of area, they are now to be installed for tests on satellites, which are powered by solar cells and where efficiency, in combination with low weight, is the most important factor...

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Superconductivity Switches On and Off in ‘Magic-Angle’ Gaphene

A unique device is made of sandwiched layers, with yellow and purple on top and blue on bottom. The middle layer is dark grey representing 2 layers of graphene, and the inset shows the graphene layers creating a moiré pattern. The device has a central rectangular shape with 7 more rectangular shapes emanating from it.
Caption:MIT physicists have found a new way to switch superconductivity on and off in magic-angle graphene. This figure shows a device with two graphene layers in the middle (in dark gray and in inset). The graphene layers are sandwiched in between boron nitride layers (in blue and purple). The angle and alignment of each layer enables the researchers to turn superconductivity on and off in graphene with a short electric pulse.
Credits:Credit: Courtesy of the researchers. Edited by MIT News.

A quick electric pulse completely flips the material’s electronic properties, opening a route to ultrafast, brain-inspired, superconducting electronics...

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Will Machine Learning help us find Extraterrestrial Life?

Will machine learning help us find extraterrestrial life?
Examples showing the four types of training data. Credit: Nature Astronomy (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41550-022-01872-z

Researchers have applied a deep learning technique to a previously studied dataset of nearby stars and uncovered eight previously unidentified signals of interest.

When pondering the probability of discovering technologically advanced extraterrestrial life, the question that often arises is, “if they’re out there, why haven’t we found them yet?” And often, the response is that we have only searched a tiny portion of the galaxy. Further, algorithms developed decades ago for the earliest digital computers can be outdated and inefficient when applied to modern petabyte-scale datasets...

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