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Penn Engineers have developed the first programmable chip that can train nonlinear neural networks using light—a breakthrough that could dramatically speed up AI training, reduce energy use and even pave the way for fully light-powered computers.

While today’s AI chips are electronic and rely on electricity to perform calculations, the new chip is photonic, meaning it uses beams of light instead. Described in Nature Photonics, the chip reshapes how light behaves to carry out the nonlinear mathematics at the heart of modern AI.

“Nonlinear functions are critical for training deep neural networks,”...

Our closest neighboring galaxy may be being torn apart. Is the nearest galaxy to ours being torn apart? Research suggests so. A team led by Satoya Nakano and Kengo Tachihara at Nagoya University in Japan has revealed new insights into the motion of massive stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), a small galaxy neighboring the Milky Way...

Benzodiazepines like Valium and Xanax are often prescribed to treat anxiety, insomnia and seizures. While these drugs can be effective as a short-term treatment, researchers are trying to better understand the impact of benzodiazepines after extended use.

Some experts believe long-term use of the medication may influence inflammation levels in our bodies, as previous research has shown that benzodiazepines may increase the risk of developing or worsening inflammatory conditions, like lung inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease...

In recent years, computer scientists have created various highly performing machine learning tools to generate texts, images, videos, songs and other content. Most of these computational models are designed to create content based on text-based instructions provided by users.

Researchers at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology recently introduced AudioX, a model that can generate high quality audio and music tracks using texts, video footage, images, music and audio recordings as inputs. Their model, introduced in a paper published on the arXiv preprint server, relies on a diffusion transformer, an advanced machine learning algorithm that leverages the so-called transformer architecture to generate content by progressively de-noising the input data it receives.

“Ou...