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Metabolites produced in intestine play central role in controlling obesity and diabetes, study shows

Metabolites produced in the intestine play a central role in controlling obesity and diabetes
Diagram summarizing the experiments, which analyzed metabolites present in the peripheral blood and hepatic portal vein of mice with different genetic histories of susceptibility to metabolic diseases after receiving a high-fat diet. Credit: Vitor Muñoz/EEFERP-USP

A study conducted at Harvard University identified a group of metabolites that travel from the intestine to the liver and then to the heart, where they are pumped throughout the body. These metabolites play an important role in controlling metabolic pathways in the liver and insulin sensitivity. This discovery may contribute to future treatments for obesity and type 2 diabetes. The results were published in the journal Cell Metabolism.

“The hepatic portal vein drains much of the blood from the intestine to the liver...

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Geomagnetic disturbances caused by sun may influence occurrence of heart attacks, especially among women

Since the late 1970s, studies conducted in the Northern Hemisphere have suggested that magnetic particles ejected by the Sun may have an impact on human health (image: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center)

An article published in the journal Communications Medicine points to a correlation between disturbances in Earth’s magnetic field resulting from solar storms and an increase in the frequency of heart attacks, especially among women.

The authors reached this conclusion by analyzing data from the public health network of São José dos Campos, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, recorded between 1998 and 2005, a period considered to be one of intense solar activity.

Focusing on hospital admissions for myocardial infarction, the analysis included information from 871 men and 469 wom...

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Research identifies key enzyme target to fight deadly brain cancers

brain cancer

Researchers have found that targeting an enzyme called PGM3 can help stop the growth of glioblastoma, the most dangerous type of brain tumor. Study findings are published online in the journal Science Advances.

This enzyme plays a vital role in the hexosamine synthesis pathway, which is involved in the processes of protein and lipid glycosylation that allow tumors to rapidly grow. Lipid glycosylation is a process where sugar molecules attach to fats (lipids) in the body.

Researchers with The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center—Arthur G. James and Richard J. Solove Research Institute believe that targeting PGM3 can reduce tumor growth and eliminate glioblastoma cells.

“This research is important because it has found a new target called PGM3...

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Magnetic fields can map the universe—here’s how

Running Chicken Nebula Credit: ESO

Who knew that magnetic fields could be so useful? Astronomers are able to use magnetic fields to map our environment within the Milky Way using a technique called Faraday rotation.

It works like this. There’s a bunch of dust—literal dust grains—floating within the galaxy.

Well, I say there’s a lot of dust, but it’s at very, very low densities. Thankfully, the volumes within interstellar space are so vast that the total amount of dust can really add up. And all these little dust grains have little magnetic fields associated with them, because all the grains are made of electric charges and they’re spinning around themselves.

When light from distant sources passes through the dust, that light encounters all these little magnetic fields...

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