Panels (a), (b), and (c) show the 3D evolution of the toroidal field during Cycle 23 at three different times. (d) Time–latitude plot of the azimuthally averaged toroidal field that shows the equatorward migration. (e) Here, we show the contribution of the nonaxisymmetric toroidal field at different depths of the convection zone. Credit: The Astrophysical Journal Letters (2026). DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ae3138
For the first time, scientists have used satellite data to create a 3D map of the sun’s interior magnetic field, the fundamental driver of solar activity. The research, published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, should enable more accurate predictions of solar cycles and space weather that affects satellites and power grids.
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