CRISPR/Cas9 tagged posts

Seven days after OLIG2 was switched on, cultured human stem cells started expressing neuronal marker gene (red). Credit: Hokkaido University; Copyright image

Scientists have developed a new technique to unleash silenced genes and change cell fates using CRISPR/Cas9. The ability to control gene expression in cells allows scientists to understand gene function and manipulate cell fate. Gene-editing tool CRIPSR/Cas9, employs a system naturally used by bacteria as protection against viruses. The tool allows scientists to precisely add, remove or replace specific parts of DNA. CRISPR/Cas9 is the most efficient, inexpensive and easiest gene-editing tool available to date. However, scientists have not yet managed to effectively use it to activate genes in the cells.

A team, led by Toru Kondo at H...

Highlights •A triple-target CRISPR method achieved almost perfect knockout efficiency •SSS achieved non-invasive fully automated high-performance sleep phenotyping •Genetics without crossing revealed Nr3a as a short-sleeper gene

You may have wondered why some people seem to need less sleep. A number of so called short-sleeper genes, which are associated with little need for sleep, have recently been identified. RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC) researchers have advanced sleep genetics research by developing a new method for monitoring mouse sleep cycles. The Snappy Sleep Stager is a non-invasive, automated sleep cycle monitoring system based on mouse respiration, or breathing...

CXCR4 is a receptor broadly expressed in cells of immune and the central nervous systems and can mediate migration of resting leukocytes and haematopoietic progenitors. It is also used by strains of HIV1 to gain entry into Helper T cells, and are typically detected at the later stages, associated with a rapid decline in CD4+ T cells and progression to AIDS.

They disabled a T-cell surface protein CXCR4, exploited by HIV when the virus infects T cells and causes AIDS. The group also successfully shut down PD-1, a protein that has attracted intense interest in the burgeoning field of cancer immunotherapy, as scientists have shown that using drugs to block PD-1 coaxes T cells to attack tumors.

T cells not only stand at the center of many disease processes, but could be easily gathered from pat...