glycans tagged posts

UM-led study explores how sea cucumber sugars could be used in cancer therapy. Sea cucumbers are the ocean’s janitors, cleaning the seabed and recycling nutrients back into the water. But this humble marine invertebrate could also hold the key to stopping the spread of cancer.

A sugar compound found in sea cucumbers can effectively block Sulf-2, an enzyme that plays a major role in cancer growth, according to a University of Mississippi-led study published in Glycobiology.

“Marine life produces compounds with unique structures that are often rare or not found in terrestrial vertebrates,” said Marwa Farrag, a fourth-year doctoral candidate in the UM Department of BioMolecular Sciences.

“And so, the sugar compounds in sea cucumbers are unique...

A new type of test that uses complex sugars to detect prostate cancer earlier and with greater accuracy is being developed by researchers at the University of Birmingham. The test works by identifying sugars, known as glycans, in blood. These sugars are attached to protein molecules called PSA and are known to undergo distinct but subtle changes when cancer is present in the body.

Particular types of glycans are associated with different cancers – but until now, there has been no technology available to detect the glycans in an accurate, timely and sufficiently specific way.

Research led by a team in the University of Birmingham’s School of Chemical Engineering, has now developed a technique that can identify glycans associated with cancer with unprecedented accuracy...

Left, the P domain on human norovirus attaches to human cells via binding to HBGA. Human IgA antibody 5I2 interferes with this attachment by physically blocking the HBGA recognition site on the P domain. Courtesy of S. Shanker, B.V.V. Prasad and M. Estes

A mechanism by which human antibodies target and block noroviruses has been found. It opens the possibility of developing therapeutic agents against this virus that causes the death of about 200,000 children every year. “Some people infected with norovirus do not get sick,” said Dr. B V Venkataram Prasad, professor of virology and the Alvin Romansky Chair in biochemistry at Baylor. “We wanted to understand how
these protective human antibodies work.”

The researchers screened and isolated protective antibodies from human blood and discovere...