A focus-stacked macro photograph of a fabricated gallium phosphide photonic chip featuring multiple spiral waveguides and other test structures. The chip width is just 0.55 cm across. Due to the high Kerr nonlinearity of gallium phosphide, its high refractive index, and its negligible two-photon absorption, extremely efficient optical parametric amplification and frequency conversion over S, C, and L optical communication bands are achieved using this chip. Credit: Nikolai Kuznetsov (EPFL).
Modern communication networks rely on optical signals to transfer vast amounts of data. But just like a weak radio signal, these optical signals need to be amplified to travel long distances without losing information.
The most common amplifiers, erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), have served...
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