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Icy Clouds could have kept early Mars Warm Enough for Rivers and Lakes

Illustration of Mars Perseverance
Illustration of NASA’s Perseverance rover at work within the Jezero Crater on Mars.
Image courtesy of NASA and JPL-Caltech

A new study led by a planetary scientist uses a computer model of Mars to put forth a promising explanation onto how Mars once contained rivers and lakes: Mars could have had a thin layer of icy, high-altitude clouds that caused a greenhouse effect.

One of the great mysteries of modern space science is neatly summed up by the view from NASA’s Perseverance, which just landed on Mars: Today it’s a desert planet, and yet the rover is sitting right next to an ancient river delta.

The apparent contradiction has puzzled scientists for decades, especially because at the same time that Mars had flowing rivers, it was getting less than a third as much sunshine as we ...

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