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    neurodevelopmental disorders tagged posts

    Research Discovery may Help Diagnose and Treat Cancer and Brain Disorders

    August 11, 2022, Categories  Biology/Biotechnology, Health/Medical

    Cancer diagnosis pathways image

    Researchers at Queen’s University Belfast discovered how the journey or molecular pathway of an identified protein is both essential for brain development and how an alteration to its pathway could result in the spread of cancer.

    The study, published today in Nature Cell Biology, has revealed the molecular mechanisms of a timely and spatially controlled movement of cells that is essential for the migration of newborn neurons during brain development and can also cause the spread of cancer, or cancer metastasis throughout the body.

    It is expected this discovery will have a huge impact on the fundamental understanding of cancer metastasis and brain development and could lead to earlier diagnosis and better treatments, the research authors said.

    During brain development, neural ...

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    Leading researchers call for a Ban on widely used Insecticides

    November 15, 2018, Categories  Biology/Biotechnology, Chemistry/Nanotechnology, Environment/Geology, Health/Medical

    Tractor spraying a wheat field. Credit: © Dusan Kostic / Fotolia

    Tractor spraying a wheat field. Credit: © Dusan Kostic / Fotolia

    Use of organophosphates has lessened, but risks to early brain development still too high. Public health experts have found there is sufficient evidence that prenatal exposure to widely used insecticides known as organophosphates puts children at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders.

    In a scientific review and call to action published in PLOS Medicine, the researchers call for immediate government intervention to phase out all organophosphates...

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    High-Fat Diet in Pregnancy can cause Mental Health Problems in Offspring

    July 24, 2017, Categories  Biology/Biotechnology, Health/Medical

    Figure 8. (A) The location of area 10 of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was determined using figures from Paxinos Stereotaxic Atlas (39). DAPI staining was used to differentiate the layers of the cortex, numbered 1–6. (B) Representative images of the differences seen in 5-HT fiber innervation of medial area 10 of the PFC between the four diet groups. (C) Exposure to a postweaning high-fat diet (HFD) decreased mean intensity of 5-HT immunoreactive signal in layer 1 of medial area 10 in the PFC (F1,16 = 7.662, p = 0.014). (D) 5-HT immunoreactivity in the same region was further affected by an interaction between gender and postweaning diet (F1,16 = 7.497, p = 0.015), with mean intensity decreased in postweaning HFD males compared to control males (F1,16 = 13.895, p = 0.002). Data shown as mean ± SEM. # denotes a postweaning diet effect, p < 0.05. Scale bars are 400 µm. Sample sizes for the 5-HT immunohistochemisty are as follows: CTR/CTR n = 6 (n = 2 males; n = 4 females), CTR/HFD n = 6 (n = 3 males; n = 3 females), HFD/CTR n = 6 (n = 3 males; n = 3 females), and HFD/HFD n = 6 (n = 3 males; n = 3 females).

    (A) The location of area 10 of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was determined using figures from Paxinos Stereotaxic Atlas (39). DAPI staining was used to differentiate the layers of the cortex, numbered 1–6. (B) Representative images of the differences seen in 5-HT fiber innervation of medial area 10 of the PFC between the four diet groups. (C) Exposure to a postweaning high-fat diet (HFD) decreased mean intensity of 5-HT immunoreactive signal in layer 1 of medial area 10 in the PFC (F1,16 = 7.662, p = 0.014). (D) 5-HT immunoreactivity in the same region was further affected by an interaction between gender and postweaning diet (F1,16 = 7.497, p = 0.015), with mean intensity decreased in postweaning HFD males compared to control males (F1,16 = 13.895, p = 0.002). Data shown as mean ± SEM...

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    Autism Spectrum Disorder linked to Mutations in some Mitochondrial DNA

    October 28, 2016, Categories  Biology/Biotechnology, Health/Medical

    Autism spectrum disorder linked to mutations in some mitochondrial DNA. CREDIT Darryl Leja, NHGRI, Flickr

    Autism spectrum disorder linked to mutations in some mitochondrial DNA. CREDIT Darryl Leja, NHGRI, Flickr

    Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have greater numbers of harmful mutations in their mitochondrial DNA than family members. Increasingly, studies point to malfunctions in mitochondria as a cause of autism spectrum disorder, but the biological basis for this relationship is unclear. To see if a genetic link exists between mitochondrial malfunction and ASD, the scientists analyzed mitochondrial DNA sequences from 903 children with ASD, along with their unaffected siblings and mothers.

    They discovered a unique pattern of heteroplasmic mutations, where both mutant and normal mitochondrial DNA sequences exist in a single cell...

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