neuropeptide tagged posts

The neurohormone oxytocin is well-known for promoting social bonds and generating pleasurable feelings, for example from art, exercise, or sex. But the hormone has many other functions, such as the regulation of lactation and uterine contractions in females, and the regulation of ejaculation, sperm transport, and testosterone production in males. Now, researchers from Michigan State University show that in zebrafish and human cell cultures, oxytocin has yet another unsuspected function: It stimulates stem cells derived from the heart’s outer layer (epicardium) to migrate into its middle layer (myocardium) and there develop into cardiomyocytes, muscle cells that generate heart contractions...

FLP-7 and NPR-22 function as a fat regulatory neuroendocrine ligand-receptor pair in vivo.

Biologists at TSRI have identified a brain hormone that appears to trigger fat burning in the gut. Their findings in animal models could have implications for future pharmaceutical development. “This was basic science that unlocked an interesting mystery,” said TSRI Assistant Professor Supriya Srinivasan. Previous studies had shown that serotonin can drive fat loss. Yet no one was sure exactly how.

To answer that question, Srinivasan and her colleagues experimented with C. elegans, which are often used as model organisms in biology...

Orexin image provided by researchers. Credit: Image courtesy of University of Tsukuba

A potent compound that promotes wakefulness and remedies the sleep disorder narcolepsy in model animals has been developed by a team of scientists. The compound works to mimic the action of a wake-promoting substance in our brain called “orexin.”.

Orexin, discovered in 1998 by Yanagisawa, is a neuropeptide that plays a central role in maintaining wakefulness. Its deficiency causes narcolepsy, in which patients experience excessive daytime sleepiness, often falling asleep uncontrollably. Patients also suffer from symptoms such as cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by emotion), vivid hallucinations when going into or out of sleep, and sleep paralysis...