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    NPRC tagged posts

    New Links between Heart Hormones, Obesity, and Diabetes

    February 17, 2016, Categories  Biology/Biotechnology, Health/Medical

    Summary of NP action in the skeletal muscle in healthy individuals (A) and obese individuals with diabetes (B). NPs circulate in reduced concentrations in obese individuals with diabetes compared with the levels in healthy individuals. Furthermore, expression of NPRA, which binds NPs and activates intracellular signaling events, is reduced, while expression of NPRC, which clears NPs in tissues, is increased in obesity and T2D. In healthy individuals, generation of cGMP from guanosine triphosphate (GTP) by the guanylyl cyclase activity of NPRA activates a signaling pathway resulting in the phosphorylation (P) and activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and the increased transcription of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor coactivator γ-1α (PGC1α). This is associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidation of lipids, including the lipotoxic diacylglycerols (DAGs) and ceramides. In obese individuals, NP signaling from NPRA is attenuated, predisposing to DAG and ceramide accumulation in the muscle and thus IR, characterized by inhibition of insulin signaling via Akt and impaired glucose disposal.

    Summary of NP action in the skeletal muscle in healthy individuals (A) and obese individuals with diabetes (B). NPs circulate in reduced concentrations in obese individuals with diabetes compared with the levels in healthy individuals. Furthermore, expression of NPRA, which binds NPs and activates intracellular signaling events, is reduced, while expression of NPRC, which clears NPs in tissues, is increased in obesity and T2D. In healthy individuals, generation of cGMP from guanosine triphosphate (GTP) by the guanylyl cyclase activity of NPRA activates a signaling pathway resulting in the phosphorylation (P) and activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and the increased transcription of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor coactivator γ-1α (PGC1α)...

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