Layout of IBM’s four superconducting quantum bit device.
Credit: IBM Research
Scientists have now demonstrated for the first time developed a quantum circuit that can solve a problem that is unsolvable using any equivalent classical circuit. Conventional computers obey the laws of classical physics. They rely on the binary numbers 0 and 1. These numbers are stored and used for mathematical operations. In conventional memory units, each bit – the smallest unit of information – is represented by a microscopic dot on a microchip. Each of these dots can hold a charge that determines whether the bit is set to 1 or 0.
In a quantum computer, however, a bit can be both 0 and 1 at the same time. This is because the laws of quantum physics allow electrons to be in multiple places at one time...
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