rapid star formation tagged posts

The Aurora Australis, or Southern Lights, over the South Pole Telescope at NSF’s Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. Credit: Dr. Keith Vanderlinde, NSF

Observations of two galaxies made with ALMA radio telescope suggest that large galaxies formed faster than scientists had previously thought. The two galaxies, first discovered by the South Pole Telescope at NSF’s Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica, were massive and star-filled at a time when the cosmos was < 1B years old. The observation came as a surprise, considering astronomers had thought that the first galaxies, which formed just a few hundred million years after the Big Bang, were similar to today’s dwarf galaxies – collections of stars much smaller than the Milky Way...

Artist’s conception of the Spiderweb. In this image, the protogalaxies are shown in white and pink, and the blue indicates the location of the carbon monoxide gas in which the protogalaxies are immersed. CREDIT: ESO/M. Kornmesser. This figure is licensed under CC BY 4.0 International License.

Astronomers studying a cluster of still-forming protogalaxies seen as they were more than 10 billion years ago have found that a giant galaxy in the center of the cluster is forming from a surprisingly-dense soup of molecular gas. “This is different from what we see in the nearby Universe, where galaxies in clusters grow by cannibalizing other galaxies...