regenerative medicine tagged posts

OSKM-Induced XEN Cells Arise during Reprogramming

The stem cell discovery could also offer new ways to study birth defects and other reproductive problems. Tony Parenti, MSU cell and molecular biology graduate student, unearthed the new cells – induced XEN cells, or iXEN – in a cellular trash pile, of sorts. “Other scientists may have seen these cells before, but they were considered to be defective, or cancer-like,” said Parenti. “Rather than ignore these cells that have been mislabeled as waste byproducts, we found gold in the garbage.”

A great deal of stem cell research focuses on new ways to make and use pluripotent stem cells. Pluripotent stem cells can be created by reactivating embryonic genes to “reprogram” mature adult cells...

The polymer sphere delivers the microRNA into cells already at the wound site, which turns the cells into bone repairing machines. Credit: Peter Ma

Scientists at the University of Michigan have developed a polymer sphere that delivers a molecule to bone wounds that tells cells already at the injury site to repair the damage. Using the polymer sphere to introduce the microRNA molecule into cells elevates the job of existing cells to that of injury repair by instructing the cells’ healing and bone-building mechanisms to switch on, said Prof Peter Ma.

Using existing cells to repair wounds reduces the need to introduce foreign cells – a very difficult therapy because cells have their own personalities, which can result in the host rejecting the foreign cells, or tumors...

Photo of a tooth germ with a nylon noose (left) and the noose tightened (right). Credit: Image courtesy of RIKEN

In mice, they were able to extract teeth germs- groups of cells formed early in life that later develop into teeth, split them into 2, and then implant the teeth into the mice’s jaws, where they developed into two fully functional teeth

Teeth are a major target of regenerative medicine. ~10% of people are born with some missing teeth, and in addition, virtually all people lose some teeth to either accidents or disease as they age. Remedies such as implants and bridges are available, but they do not restore the full functionality of the teeth...

Samantha Paulsen, a bioengineering graduate student in Jordan Miller’s lab at Rice University, holds a plate on which several of 3-D-printed silicone constructs have been mounted. The constructs, which are each about the size of a small candy gummy bear, have been injected with red dye to better show the network of small vessels inside. Credit: Jeff Fitlow/Rice University

It may provide a method to overcome one of the biggest challenges in regenerative medicine: How to deliver oxygen and nutrients to all cells in an artificial organ or tissue implant that takes days or weeks to grow in the lab prior to surgery. The study showed blood flowed normally through test constructs that were surgically connected to native blood vessels.

Miller said one of the hurdles of engineering large artificial...