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    schizophrenia tagged posts

    Scientists discover Genetic Timetable of Brain’s Aging Process

    September 14, 2017, Categories  Biology/Biotechnology, Health/Medical

    Trajectories and turning points characterise brain age. (a) Percentage of TTTPs at each age of human lifespan. Mean age is 26.0 years for males and 27.5 years for females. (b) Percentage of TTTPs at each age of human lifespan using three different methods for fitting splines. Mean age is 31.3 years using cubic splines with 3 degrees of freedom, 21.6 years using cubic splines with 4 degrees of freedom and 25.2 years using Loess regression. (c) Percentage of TTTPs at each age of mouse. Mean age is 156 days for males and 165 days for females. (d) Cumulative sum of TTTP scores for every year of life in the Braincloud dataset. (e) Cumulative sum of TTTP scores for every year of life in the mouse hippocampus dataset. (f) The TTTPs for genes with the greatest expression changes prior to the TTTP (ΔE) were concentrated around the late-twenties. (g) Percentage of probes associated with TTTPs that up- or down-regulate prior to turning. (h) Percentage of probes with TTTPs which plateau or reverse after turning. (i) and (j). Age of individual mice and humans can be accurately predicted using a Support Vector Machine trained on the expression data. Individual points represent each mRNA sample.

    Trajectories and turning points characterise brain age. (a) Percentage of TTTPs at each age of human lifespan. Mean age is 26.0 years for males and 27.5 years for females. (b) Percentage of TTTPs at each age of human lifespan using three different methods for fitting splines. Mean age is 31.3 years using cubic splines with 3 degrees of freedom, 21.6 years using cubic splines with 4 degrees of freedom and 25.2 years using Loess regression. (c) Percentage of TTTPs at each age of mouse. Mean age is 156 days for males and 165 days for females. (d) Cumulative sum of TTTP scores for every year of life in the Braincloud dataset. (e) Cumulative sum of TTTP scores for every year of life in the mouse hippocampus dataset...

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    Distinct Wiring mode found in Chandelier Cells

    June 10, 2017, Categories  Biology/Biotechnology, Health/Medical

    AIS but not off-target varicosities predominantly contain presynaptic markers. A, Immunohistochemical analysis of VGAT localization in ChC varicosities in Nkx2.1-CreER;LSL-tGFP mice. Confocal images of a single optical section showing varicosities (green), VGAT (red), and AISs visualized by AnkG immunostaining (blue) in a P16 brain. White and yellow arrowheads indicate AIS and off-target varicosities, respectively. Filled and empty arrowheads show VGAT+ and VGAT- varicosities in ChC axons, respectively. Scale bar, 5 μm. B, The average percentage of VGAT-containing AIS and off-target varicosities in P16 ChCs. The percentage of VGAT-containing AIS varicosities is significantly higher than that of VGAT-containing off-target varicosities (n = 7 ChCs for each; ≥3 brains per condition; Student’s t test: **p < 0.001)h. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. C, Localization of Syp-YFP puncta in varicosities of transplanted ChCs. Confocal images of a single optical section showing AIS visualized by AnkG immunostaining (blue), Syp-YFP (green), and varicosities along the axon (red) in an EP16 brain. White and yellow arrowheads indicate AIS and off-target varicosities, respectively. Filled and empty arrowheads show Syp-YFP+ and Syp-YFP- varicosities in ChC axons, respectively. Scale bar, 5 μm. D, The average percentage of Syp-YFP-containing AIS and off-target varicosities in EP16 ChCs. The percentage of Syp-YFP containing AIS varicosities is significantly higher than that of Syp-YFP containing off-target varicosities (n = 6 ChCs; ≥3 brains; Student’s t test: ***p < 0.001)l. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. E, The average percentage of VGAT-containing AIS and off-target varicosities in P28 ChCs. The percentage of VGAT-containing AIS varicosities is significantly higher than that of VGAT-containing off-target varicosities (n = 7 ChCs for each; ≥3 brains per condition; Student’s t test: ***p < 0.001)°. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.

    AIS but not off-target varicosities predominantly contain presynaptic markers. A, Immunohistochemical analysis of VGAT localization in ChC varicosities in Nkx2.1-CreER;LSL-tGFP mice. Confocal images of a single optical section showing varicosities (green), VGAT (red), and AISs visualized by AnkG immunostaining (blue) in a P16 brain. White and yellow arrowheads indicate AIS and off-target varicosities, respectively. Filled and empty arrowheads show VGAT+ and VGAT- varicosities in ChC axons, respectively. Scale bar, 5 μm. B, The average percentage of VGAT-containing AIS and off-target varicosities in P16 ChCs...

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    Genetic Discovery provides New Insight into Cognitive Disorders

    January 17, 2017, Categories  Biology/Biotechnology, Health/Medical

    Table: Results of gene analysis (top 20 genes)
    from GWAS meta-analysis reveals novel loci and genetic correlates for general cognitive function: a report from the COGENT consortium

    Findings could lead to new treatments for schizophrenia, ADHD etc. An international team of scientists, led by Todd Lencz, PhD, professor at The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research at Northwell Health and Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, have unlocked some of the genes responsible for cognitive ability. Dr. Lencz et al studied the genes of 35,000 people and discovered new genetic variations related to cognitive ability.

    60 international scientists form the Cognitive Genomics Consortium (COGENT)...

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    Brain technique improves cognitive control

    December 18, 2016, Categories  Biology/Biotechnology, Health/Medical

    Stimulation of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Enhances Adaptive Cognitive Control: A High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Study Oyetunde Gbadeyan, Katie McMahon, Marco Steinhauser and Marcus Meinzer Journal of Neuroscience 14 December 2016, 36 (50) 12530-12536; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2450-16.2016

    Stimulation of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Enhances Adaptive Cognitive Control: A High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Study Oyetunde Gbadeyan, Katie McMahon, Marco Steinhauser and Marcus Meinzer Journal of Neuroscience 14 December 2016, 36 (50) 12530-12536; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2450-16.2016

    A cutting edge, non-invasive brain stimulation technique could improve cognitive control for people with conditions such as schizophrenia and autism, ADHD. Researchers at The University of Queensland’s Centre for Clinical Research have found the technique – which applies high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation to a particular area of the brain – improves cognitive and conflict control.

    PhD candidate Oyetunde Gbadeyan said the study provides th...

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