Increased Activation in Control Regions in Older Adults Tested at a Peak Time of Day.
As you age, you may find it more difficult to focus on certain tasks. But while distractions can be frustrating, they may not be as bad as we think. Researchers at the University of Toronto and Harvard University suggest that there may be some benefits to reduced focus, especially >50yo. Using behavioral studies and neuroimaging, they discuss how being easily distracted can help adults with, eg. problem solving and learning new information.
“Different types of tasks benefit from a more broad focus of attention, and this is usually seen in tasks that involve thinking creatively or using information that was previously irrelevant,” says Tarek Amer, Ph.D.
When people have high cognitive control, they are able to maintain their focused attention and ignore distractions to get things done. But Amer and his colleagues found that people with reduced cognitive control had an easier time thinking of creative solutions to problems, and they were better at noticing patterns in the world around them. These findings also indicated that older adults could outperform their younger counterparts on certain problem-solving tasks, as they were able to broaden their attention more easily. Additionally, people didn’t require high levels of cognitive control for inherent, day-to-day tasks, like walking down the street or learning new information.
In order to explore the benefits of cognitive control, many lab-based behavioral experiments require participants to complete a specific set of tasks, limiting the role of distraction. But the researchers say these experiments have shortcomings, as they don’t explore situations when distractions and reduced cognitive control could be helpful, making the conclusions fairly one sided. Lynn Hasher, a professor of psychology at the University of Toronto and the Rotman Research Institute said: “..a distraction in one setting can actually be useful information in another setting, and the more information you have, the better able you’re going to be to address a current problem.”
Amer et al hope to use this information to determine exactly what tasks can benefit from reduced control in order to better simulate these experiences in a lab. Although they also hope to expand the research beyond the aging population to examine how distractions can be beneficial for people with a range of cognitive impairments, for now they recognize that this understanding of cognitive control is a step closer to understanding the aging brain.
“There is a question about what really sustains performance in old age, and it’s clear that working memory alone cannot provide us with the answer to that question,” says Hasher. “But we think it’s possible that studying reduced cognitive control can help us understand how older adults can still perform independently and successfully in their lives.” http://www.cell.com/trends/cognitive-sciences/fulltext/S1364-6613(16)30155-3
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