Category Astronomy/Space

NASA Missions Probe Game-Changing Cosmic Explosion

Two neutron stars begin to merge in this illustration, blasting a jet of high-speed particles and producing a cloud of debris. Scientists think these kinds of events are factories for a significant portion of the universe’s heavy elements, including gold.
Credits: A. Simonnet (Sonoma State Univ.) and NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center

On Dec. 11, 2021, NASA’s Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory and Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope detected a blast of high-energy light from the outskirts of a galaxy around 1 billion light-years away. The event has rattled scientists’ understanding of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), the most powerful events in the universe.

For the last few decades, astronomers have generally divided GRBs into two categories...

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Meteorites plus Gamma Rays could have given Earth the Building Blocks for Life

Close up of chondrite meteorite, an orange and grey rock
The building blocks of life, amino acids, could have been formed in early meteorites, such as the one shown here.
Credit: abriendomundo/Shutterstock.com

Even as detailed images of distant galaxies from the James Webb Space Telescope show us more of the greater universe, scientists still disagree about how life began here on Earth. One hypothesis is that meteorites delivered amino acids – life’s building blocks – to our planet. Now, researchers reporting in ACS Central Science have experimentally shown that amino acids could have formed in these early meteorites from reactions driven by gamma rays produced inside the space rocks.

Ever since Earth was a newly formed, sterile planet, meteorites have been hurtling through the atmosphere at high speeds toward its surface...

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Peekaboo! Tiny, Hidden Galaxy provides a Peek into the Past

NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope captured a detailed image of the tiny galaxy HIPASS J1131–31, nicknamed the “Peekaboo Galaxy,” despite its proximity to a bright foreground star. In addition to Hubble imagery, astronomers used the South African Large Telescope to collect detailed spectroscopic data on the galaxy’s stars, which show it to be one of the least chemically enriched galaxies ever discovered in the local universe.
Credits: NASA, ESA, and Igor Karachentsev (SAO RAS); Image Processing: Alyssa Pagan (STScI)

Peeking out from behind the glare of a bright foreground star, astronomers have uncovered the most extraordinary example yet of a nearby galaxy with characteristics that are more like galaxies in the distant, early universe...

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Researchers say Space Atomic Clocks could help uncover the Nature of Dark Matter

Artist’s impression of a space atomic clock used to uncover dark matter. (Credit: Kavli IPMU)

Studying an atomic clock on-board a spacecraft inside the orbit of Mercury and very near to the Sun might be the trick to uncovering the nature of dark matter, suggests a new study published in Nature Astronomy.

Dark matter makes up more than 80 per cent of mass in the universe, but it has so far evaded detection on Earth, despite decades of experimental efforts. A key component of these searches is an assumption about the local density of dark matter, which determines the number of dark matter particles passing through the detector at any given time, and therefore the experimental sensitivity...

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