Category Biology/Biotechnology

The snail-shell-shaped part of the inner ear that houses hair cells. Credit: Holt lab/Harvard Medical School

Scientists at Harvard Medical School say they have ended a 40-year-quest for the elusive identity of the sensor protein responsible for hearing and balance. The results of their research, reported Aug. 22 in Neuron, reveal that TMC1, a protein discovered in 2002, forms a sound- and motion-activated pore that allows the conversion of sound and head movement into nerve signals that travel to the brain – a signaling cascade that enables hearing and balance.

Scientists have long known that when the delicate cells in our inner ear detect sound and movement, they convert them into signals. Where and how this conversion occurs has been the subject of intense scientific debate...

Drivers of brain aging. Credit: Daniel G. Amen

Schizophrenia, cannabis use, and alcohol abuse are just several disorders that are related to accelerated brain aging. In the largest known brain imaging study, scientists from Amen Clinics (Costa Mesa, CA), Google, John’s Hopkins University, University of California, Los Angeles and the University of California, San Francisco evaluated 62,454 brain SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) scans of more than 30,000 individuals from 9 months old to 105 years of age to investigate factors that accelerate brain aging. SPECT tomography) evaluates regional cerebral blood flow in the brain that is reduced in various disorders.

Lead author, psychiatrist Daniel G...

Comparative model of lncRNA-regulation of heart regeneration. Known and novel zebrafish lncRNAs adjacent or antisense to protein-coding genes (top) were connected to a set of previously characterized genes required for heart regeneration in the zebrafish (bottom). Gene regulatory and/or protein–protein interactions from Ingenuity Pathways Analysis were used to find a minimal set of homologous genes that connect the adjacent/antisense genes to the regeneration genes.

Discovery could one day lead to new therapies to trigger regeneration in humans...

Principal outcomes of Nrf2 inactivation in HepG2 cells after a 24-h co-exposure to silver nanoparticles and cadmium (AgNP + Cd2+). Inhibition of Nrf2 prevented transcription of target genes, resulting in the downregulation of antioxidant defense proteins, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) enzymes, and proteasome subunits (red arrows).

Researchers warn that a combination of nanoparticles and contaminants may form a cocktail that is harmful to our cells. In their study, 72 pct. of cells died after exposure to a cocktail of nano-silver and cadmium ions. Nanoparticles are becoming increasingly widespread in our environment. Thousands of products contain nanoparticles because of their unique properties...