Category Biology/Biotechnology

Antibody Blocks Inflammation, protects mice from Hardened Arteries and Liver disease

The aorta of a mouse model of atherosclerosis on a high-fat diet for 12 months (top) has significantly more plaques (bright red) than the aorta of the same type of mouse that also produces the anti-inflammatory E06 antibody (bottom). Credit: UC San Diego Health

The aorta of a mouse model of atherosclerosis on a high-fat diet for 12 months (top) has significantly more plaques (bright red) than the aorta of the same type of mouse that also produces the anti-inflammatory E06 antibody (bottom). Credit: UC San Diego Health

Researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine discovered that they can block inflammation in mice with a naturally occurring antibody that binds oxidized phospholipids (OxPL), molecules on cell surfaces that get modified by inflammation. Even while on a high-fat diet, the antibody protected the mice from arterial plaque formation, hardening of the arteries and liver disease, and prolonged their lives.

This study, published June 6 by Nature, marks the first demonstration in a living system that OxPL triggers in...

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Wireless System can Power Devices inside the Body

MIT researchers have developed technology that could be used to remotely trigger “smart pills” to deliver drugs.

MIT researchers have developed technology that could be used to remotely trigger “smart pills” to deliver drugs.

New technology could enable remote control of drug delivery, sensing, and other medical applications. MIT researchers, working with scientists from Brigham and Women’s Hospital, have developed a new way to power and communicate with devices implanted deep within the human body. Such devices could be used to deliver drugs, monitor conditions inside the body, or treat disease by stimulating the brain with electricity or light.

The implants are powered by radio frequency waves, which can safely pass through human tissues. In tests in animals, the researchers showed that the waves can power devices located 10 centimeters deep in tissue, from a distance of 1 meter.

“Even though t...

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Light Exposure during Sleep may Increase Insulin Resistance

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Chronic overnight light exposure could have long-term effects on metabolic function. According to preliminary results from a new study, nighttime light exposure during sleep may affect metabolic function. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that light exposure at night during sleep adversely impacts metabolic outcomes.
 
“Our preliminary findings show that a single night of light exposure during sleep acutely impacts measures of insulin resistance,” said lead author Ivy Cheung Mason, PhD, who was a postdoctoral fellow at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine when this study was conducted. “Light exposure overnight during sleep has been shown to disrupt sleep, but these data indicate that it may also have the potential to influence metabolism.”
 
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Secret to Longevity may Lie in the Microbiome and the Gut

Model of mechanisms of gut microbiota-host communication influencing aging factors. The gut microbiota communicates with the metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways via direct and indirect mechanisms. As the physiological changes in all three of these axes are cross-regulatory, the simultaneous action implemented by the gut microbiota makes it a powerful influence in aging and age-related chronic disease development. Abbreviations: glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), target of rapamycin (TOR), Forkhead Box O protein (FOXO), sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), tight junction proteins (TJPs), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), toll-like receptor (TLR)4, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), activator protein (AP)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, T helper (Th)17, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α, sirtuin (SIRT), reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Model of mechanisms of gut microbiota-host communication influencing aging factors. The gut microbiota communicates with the metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways via direct and indirect mechanisms. As the physiological changes in all three of these axes are cross-regulatory, the simultaneous action implemented by the gut microbiota makes it a powerful influence in aging and age-related chronic disease development...

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