Category Biology/Biotechnology

This is an illustration showing how the “Window to the Brain” transparent skull implant created by UC Riverside researchers would work. Credit: UC Riverside

Collinsella aerofaciens enhances arthritis severity. Two weeks post-immunization (marked with arrow) a subset of mice were treated with C. aerofaciens every alternate day for 4 weeks (marked with arrows), n = 10. Mice not treated with C. aerofaciens (n = 8) were used as a control. Mice were followed for a incidence and onset of arthritis (*P = 0.068) and b disease severity. Collinsella enhances T-cell proliferation. c T-cell proliferation was measured by culturing sorted (by fluorescence-activated cell sorting) CD4 cells from the spleens of CII-primed mice cultured with dendritic cells that were pre-cultured with Collinsella for 4 h. **P = 0.02 (n = 3 mice/group). Collinsella reduces the expression of the tight junction protein ZO-1 and Occludin...

This is a 3-D fluorescence microscopy image of a cell guidance receptor’s (EphA2) signaling activity in a cryo-arrested cell. This receptor is overexpressed in melanomas and affects metastasis. From this image taken at subzero temperatures, one can see that it is transmitting its signals from small vesicles in the cell that get internalized from the plasma membrane. The color code indicates the signaling activity of the receptor. Credit: MPI f. Molecular Physiology

Highlights •TNF inhibits IL-4-induced Arg1 expression in macrophages and dendritic cells •Arg1 is upregulated in macrophages or dendritic cells of L. major-infected TNF−/− mice •Arg1 hyperexpression in TNF−/− mice impairs in situ production of leishmanicidal NO •Arg1 deletion restores parasite and disease control in otherwise non-healing mice