Cobalamin-related redox metabolic pathways in neuronal cells. Endocytosis brings TC-bound Cbl species to lysosomes where axial ligands are removed by MMACHC and MeCbl or AdoCbl are subsequently formed by SAM and ATP-dependent pathways, respectively. MeCbl is a required cofactor for methionine synthase, whose activity supports a large number of methylation reactions, including DNA methylation, as well as dopamine-stimulated phospholipid methylation, carried out by the D4 dopamine receptor (D4R). AdoCbl supports MMACoA mutase in mitochondria. Cysteine, which is rate-limiting for GSH synthesis, can be provided either by cellular uptake via the cysteine/glutamate transporter EAAT3 (excitatory amino acid transporter 3) or by transsulfuration of HCY via cystathionine...
Category Biology/Biotechnology
Brain levels of Vitamin B12 decrease with Age and are Prematurely low in people with Autism and Schizophrenia
January 24, 2016,
Health/Medical, Biology/Biotechnology
Are Football Players Too Obese?
January 23, 2016,
Health/Medical, Biology/Biotechnology
Defensive whine: The tight-fitting shirts may be a little too tight for Baltimore Ravens (left to right) Terrence Cody (62), nose tackle Maake Kemoeatu (96) and Haloti Ngata (92)
New research suggests being bigger doesn’t mean being better – or healthier. In American football, there is a stigma that players need to increase their overall body size to make an impact on the field. Exercise scientists set out to determine how body size has changed in college and professional football players over the past 70 yrs. “We started to take a look at providing the information that sports medicine personnel need to be aware of in order to effectively protect the health of the players under their care,”Prof.Potteiger said. “In football, the most at-risk athletes are the offensive and defensive linemen...
Read MoreNeurons in our Gut help the Immune System keep Inflammation in check
January 23, 2016,
Health/Medical, Biology/Biotechnology
Neurons say relax: This three-dimensional view of part of a mouse intestine shows the neurons that surround tissue-protective immune cells. These neurons release norepinephrine, which instructs the immune cells to activate an anti-inflammatory response.
The immune system must protect against potential infections, but over-vigilant reactions can cause problems. New research shows neurons in the intestine send signals to immune cells to curb inflammation. This could have Rx implications for gastrointestinal diseases such as IBS.
Lamina propria macrophages are found very close to the lining of the intestinal tube, while muscularis macrophages are in a deeper tissue layer, more distant from what passes through the intestine...
Read MoreRobotic Arm developed for Duchenne patients
January 23, 2016,
Physics, Technology/Electronics, Biology/Biotechnology
The A-Gear robotic arm in use. Credit: Image courtesy of University of Twente
Researchers have developed A-Gear: a robotic arm that can support the daily activities of people suffering the muscular disease Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. They recently put the final touches to the 1st prototype for a discreet, body-connected support aid that can be worn under the clothing and that can support independent operation of the arm during important daily activities. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy occurs in1 in 5000 live born boys. The muscles become weaker during their life. As a result, boys with Duchenne lose the ability to use their arms until, eventually, they are unable to use them at all.
Over the past 4 years, the researchers have been working on 2 arm supports: a passive arm support – controlled...
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