Category Health/Medical

Dr. Anwesha Sanyal holds up two vials with HIV-infected cells that she is preparing for Pitt Public Health’s TZA test. The yellow indicates more stimulated HIV infected cells. Credit: Image courtesy of University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences

Scientists at the University of Pittsburgh’s Graduate School of Public Health announced in Nature Medicine that they’ve created a test sensitive enough to detect “hidden” HIV, and yet is faster, less labor-intensive and less expensive than the current “gold standard” test. The new Pitt test also revealed that the amount of virus lurking dormant in people who appear to be nearly cured of HIV is about 70-fold larger than previous estimates.

HIV spreads by infecting CD4+ T cells that plays a major role in protecting the body from infection...

Sustained firing patterns occur selectively in PRH cells

An internationtal team has identified a new type of neuron which might play a vital role in humans’ ability to navigate their environments. The discovery is an important step towards understanding how the brain codes navigation behaviour at larger scales and could potentially open up new treatment strategies for people with impaired topographical orientation like Alzheimer’s patients.

Research shows that the precise mechanism for navigation includes hippocampal place cells, which increase or decrease in electrical activity depending on one’s location. However, when making their daily commute, people don’t need very detailed representations of which houses they pass in which order...

Exploiting biased reptation for continuous flow preparative DNA fractionation in a versatile microfluidic platform. Microsystems & Nanoengineering, 2017; 3: 17001 DOI: 10.1038/micronano.2017.1

University of Twente researchers in The Netherlands developed a glass microchip for ultrafast separation and purification of DNA fragments. The chip, moreover, is easy to produce and cheap. The new chip is capable of fractionating DNA fragments within just a few minutes, while conventional approaches take hours. The chip does this in high resolution and also purifies the fragments; it removes the other salts in the DNA sample. Tiny amounts of DNA, like in medical diagnostics or in forensics, will be sufficient...

Medical resident Jarod Roland, MD, tries out a device that detects electrical activity in his brain and causes his hand to open and close in response to brain signals. A new study shows that this device can help chronic stroke patients recover some control over their paralyzed limbs. Credit: Leuthardt lab

Device reads brain signals, converts them into motion. Stroke patients who learned to use their minds to open and close a device fitted over their paralyzed hands gained some control over their hands, according to a new study from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis...