Category Health/Medical

Stromal Hh activation attenuates colonic tumour development.

Many types of cancer are caused by gene mutations in the signalling pathways that control cell growth, such as the hedgehog signalling pathway. A new study from the Karolinska Institutet now surprisingly shows that in colon cancer hedgehog signalling has a protective function. Mutations that lead to the activation of hedgehog signalling are the cause of almost all cases of basal cell carcinoma, BCC (a common form of skin cancer) and certain types of brain tumours.

Previous studies have indicated that hedgehog signalling is also important in other types of cancer, such as colon cancer – one of the commonest types of cancer in Sweden...

This is a model of the structure of clathrin, a protein that researchers at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio used to study how a heat shock protein disassembles protein complexes. Credit: Drs. Eileen Lafer and Rui Sousa/UT Health Science Center at San Antonio

Heat shock proteins ram into other proteins, generating force that is beneficial. Studies at The University of Texas Health Science Center are providing basic new understanding about “heat shock proteins,” also called “chaperone proteins.” These proteins, first identified in cells subjected to heat, are very important under many stressful and non-stressful metabolic conditions. They maintain proper protein function and, importantly, prevent the inappropriate accumulation of damaged proteins...

TFC cells express CXCR5 to localize to B cell follicles.

New research has taken us a step closer to finding a cure for HIV, as well as other infections including the glandular fever virus, which is associated with the development of lymphoma. Some infections, such as HIV, cannot be cured with antiviral therapy because the virus effectively hides from the immune system.

An international team of scientists have discovered that killer T cells can find these “hidden” infected cells in tissue and destroy them. “We’ve shown for the first time that there are specialised killer T cells that can migrate into a part of the lymphoid tissue and control hidden infection,” Dr Yu said.

Although treatments for HIV with antiretroviral drugs are highly effective, treatment is lifelong and there is no cure...

CRY1, cryptochrome circadian clock 1

New research describes a protein created by the body’s “biological clock” that actively represses inflammatory pathways within the affected limbs during the night. This protein, called CRYPTOCHROME, has proven anti-inflammatory effects in cultured cells and presents new opportunities for the development of drugs that may be used to treat inflammatory diseases and conditions, such as arthritis.

“By understanding how the biological clock regulates inflammation, we can begin to develop new treatments, which might exploit this knowledge,” said Julie Gibbs, Ph.D, University of Manchester, UK. “Furthermore, by adapting the time of day at which current drug therapies are administered, we may be able to make them more effective.”

To make this discovery, Gibbs a...