Category Health/Medical

The livers of a normal mouse (left) and a mouse whose liver cells lack Cpt2 (right) after eating a high fat diet. Courtesy of Cell Press

Study in mice shows important role of liver in balancing fats and sugars. Sugar in the form of blood glucose provides essential energy for cells. When its usual dietary source – carbohydrates – is scarce, the liver can produce it with the aid of fat. But new research from Johns Hopkins now adds to evidence that other tissues can step in to make glucose when the liver’s ability is impaired, and that the breakdown of fats in the liver is essential to protect it from a lethal onslaught of fat...

The twisted smart threads developed by KAUST researchers can be woven into pressure-sensitive ‘electronic skin’ fabrics for use in novel clothing, robots or medical prosthetics. Credit: © 2016 KAUST

Smart threads can be woven into pressure-sensitive electronic skin for robots or medical prosthetics. Fabrics containing flexible electronics are appearing clothes with in-built screens and solar panels. These fabrics can act as electronic skins that can sense their surroundings and could have applications in robotics and prosthetic medicine. Researchers at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia, have now developed smart threads that detect the strength and location of pressures exerted on them.

Most flexible sensors function by detecting changes in the el...

An intrinsic complement-NLRP3 axis regulates human TH1 responses. T cell receptor activation and CD46 costimulation trigger NLRP3 expression and intracellular C5a generation. Subsequent intracellular C5aR1 engagement induces ROS production (and possibly IL1B gene transcription) and NLRP3 assembly, which in turn mediates IL-1β maturation. Autocrine IL-1β promotes TH1 induction (IFN-γ production) but restricts TH1 contraction (IL-10 coexpression). C5aR2 cell surface activation by secreted C5a negatively controls these events via undefined mechanisms. Dysfunction of this system contributes to impaired TH1 responses in infection or increased TH17 responses during intestinal inflammation.

Researchers have unlocked secrets of our ancient immune system...

These are brain scans of a representative patient showing Dopamine transporter binding (red) before and after 3-month NAC treatment. Credit: Thomas Jefferson University

n-acetylcysteine (NAC), with strong antioxidant effects, shows potential benefit as part of the management for patients with Parkinson’s disease. Combining clinical evaluations of a patient’s mental and physical abilities with brain imaging studies that tracked the levels of dopamine, the lack of which is thought to cause Parkinson’s, doctors from the Depts of Integrative Medicine, Neurology, and Radiology, at Thomas Jefferson University showed that patients receiving NAC improved on both measures.

Current treatments for Parkinson’s disease are generally limited to temporarily replacing dopamine in the brain as well as some...