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    Category Physics

    A Ceramic Aerogel made with Nanocrystals and Embedded in a Matrix for use in Thermal Insulation Applications

    July 5, 2022, Categories  Physics, Chemistry/Nanotechnology

    A ceramic aerogel made with nanocrystals and embedded in a matrix for use in thermal insulation applications
    Multiscale design of hypocrystalline ceramic nanofibrous aerogel. a, Deformation modes and the corresponding ν and α of crystalline (C), amorphous (A) and hypocrystalline (H) ceramic fibrous cells under mechanical and thermal excitations. The colored scale bar indicates the variation of ceramics from amorphous to crystal by using a local-entropy-based fingerprint to characterize the crystallinity of each atom in the simulated system. b, Illustration of the zig-zag architecture design based on hypocrystalline fibrous ceramics. The units of the colored scale bars are millimeters, presenting absolute displacement values in ν and α calculation. The triangle, square and pentagon cells are the building units to assemble the fibrous aerogel structure. Credit: Nature (2022). DOI: 10...
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    ATLAS and CMS release results of most comprehensive studies yet of Higgs Boson’s properties

    July 5, 2022, Categories  Physics

    Atlas and CMS
    From top to bottom, pictures of the ATLAS and CMS detectors (Image: CERN)

    Today, exactly ten years after announcing the discovery of the Higgs boson, the international ATLAS and CMS collaborations at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) report the results of their most comprehensive studies yet of the properties of this unique particle. The independent studies, described in two papers published today in Nature, show that the particle’s properties are remarkably consistent with those of the Higgs boson predicted by the Standard Model of particle physics...

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    Breaking AIs to Make them Better

    July 1, 2022, Categories  Physics, Technology/Electronics

    Grahical abstract explaining Raw-Zero-Shot
    Image recognition AIs are powerful but inflexible and cannot recognize images unless they are trained on specific data. In Raw Zero-Shot Learning, researchers give these image recognition AIs a variety of data and observe the patterns in their answers. The research team hopes that this methodology can help improve the robustness of future AI. Illustrated by Hiroko Uchida.

    Researchers investigate ways to make AIs more robust by studying patterns in their answers when faced with the unknown. Current AIs are very accurate but inflexible at image recognition. Exactly why this is remains a mystery. Researchers have developed a method called ‘Raw Zero-Shot’ to assess how neural networks handle elements unknown to them...

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    New Single-Mode Semiconductor Laser delivers Power with Scalability

    June 30, 2022, Categories  Physics, Technology/Electronics

    Schematic of the Berkeley Surface Emitting Laser (BerkSEL)
    Schematic of the Berkeley Surface Emitting Laser (BerkSEL) illustrating the pump beam (blue) and the lasing beam (red). The unconventional design of the semiconductor membrane synchronizes all unit-cells (or resonators) in phase so that they are all participating in the lasing mode. (Image courtesy of the Kanté group)

    Berkeley engineers have created a new type of semiconductor laser that accomplishes an elusive goal in the field of optics: the ability to maintain a single mode of emitted light while maintaining the ability to scale up in size and power. It is an achievement that means size does not have to come at the expense of coherence, enabling lasers to be more powerful and to cover longer distances for many applications.

    A research team led by Boubacar Kanté, Chenming Hu Asso...

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