Category Physics

This is an optical nanocavity made, from top to bottom, of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), aluminum oxide and aluminum. Credit: University at Buffalo

The future of movies and manufacturing may be in 3D, but electronics and photonics are going 2D semiconducting materials. One of the latest advancements centers on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), while commonly used in lubricants and steel alloys, is still being explored inoptoelectronics. Recently, engineers placed a single layer of MoS2 molecules on top of a photonic structure called an optical nanocavity made of aluminum oxide and aluminum. (A nanocavity is an arrangement of mirrors that allows beams of light to circulate in closed paths which build things like lasers and optical fibers used for communications.)

The MoS2 nanocavity can increase ...

Holograms projected on a white screen while changing the wavelength of light from blue to red. (Image courtesy of the Capasso Lab)

Nanotechnology improves holographic capabilities by encoding light polarization. Holograms are a ubiquitous part of our lives. They are in our wallets — protecting credit cards, cash and driver’s licenses from fraud — in grocery store scanners and biomedical devices. Even though holographic technology has been around for decades, researchers still struggle to make compact holograms more efficient, complex and secure.

Researchers at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences have programmed polarization into compact holograms...

Multiple reflections like in a drop of paint

Inside a drop of paint, light is scattered so often that it seems impossible to demonstrate quantum effects. But despite the thousands of possible paths the light can take, researchers of the Uni of Twente now show that there are just 2 exits. Depending on the light pattern that enters the paint, 2 photons always come out through the same exit, or through different ones – as though they avoid each other.

Most of the experiments showing that light sometimes behaves like a wave and sometimes like a particle, are as simple as possible: a physics textbook example is Young’s two slit experiment. The number of possible light paths is limited, but even at this level, the experiments strongly challenge our intuition...

In this example, the speed of the spinning tag on the pinwheel is mapped to onscreen graphics. Credit: Eric Brockmeyer/Disney Research

Researchers have created ways to give a piece of paper sensing capabilities that allows it to respond to gesture commands and connect to the digital world, IoT. The method relies on small radio frequency (RFID) tags that are stuck on, printed or drawn onto the paper to create interactive, lightweight interfaces that can do anything from controlling music using a paper baton, to live polling in a classroom.

The technology – PaperID – leverages inexpensive, off-the-shelf RFID tags, which function without batteries but can be detected through a reader device placed in the same room as the tags...