Category Technology/Electronics

Efficient, Stable, and Eco-friendly Thermoelectric material discovered

The crystal structure of the barium cobalt oxide film (left; Xi Zhang, Yuqiao Zhang, et al. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. July 12, 2022), and the metal oxide film itself (right; Photo: Hiromichi Ohta).

A thermoelectric metal oxide film with a thermoelectric figure of merit of ~0.55 at 600°C has been discovered, opening new avenues towards the widespread use of thermoelectric converters.

Waste heat is a very promising source of energy conservation and reuse, by means of converting this heat into electricity — a process called thermoelectric conversion.

Commercially available thermoelectric conversion devices are synthesized using rare metals. While these are quite efficient, they are expensive and, in the majority of cases, utilize toxic materials...

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Future Smart Homes could be Powered with Electronics built on Stones

An array of stones
Interconnected microenergy devices built on marble tiles create customizable 3D power supply systems.
Credit: Adapted from ACS Nano 2022, DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01753

What if you could power the smart thermostats, speakers and lights in your home with a kitchen countertop? Stones, such as marble and granite, are natural, eco-friendly materials that many people building or renovating houses already use. Now, in a step toward integrating energy storage with these materials, researchers have fabricated microsupercapacitors onto the surface of stone tiles. The devices, reported in ACS Nano, are durable and easily scaled up for customizable 3D power supplies.

It would be convenient if the surfaces in rooms could charge smart home devices or other small electronics without being connected ...

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Researchers build Long, highly Conductive Molecular Nanowire

molecular series
A brief abstract figure of this work. Top: the two-step oxidation of the bis(triarylamines) molecular series.

The 2.6nm-long single molecule wire has quasi-metallic properties and shows an unusual increase of conductance as the wire length increases; its excellent conductivity holds great promise for the field of molecular electronics.

As our devices get smaller and smaller, the use of molecules as the main components in electronic circuitry is becoming ever more critical. Over the past 10 years, researchers have been trying to use single molecules as conducting wires because of their small scale, distinct electronic characteristics, and high tunability...

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Breaking AIs to Make them Better

Grahical abstract explaining Raw-Zero-Shot
Image recognition AIs are powerful but inflexible and cannot recognize images unless they are trained on specific data. In Raw Zero-Shot Learning, researchers give these image recognition AIs a variety of data and observe the patterns in their answers. The research team hopes that this methodology can help improve the robustness of future AI. Illustrated by Hiroko Uchida.

Researchers investigate ways to make AIs more robust by studying patterns in their answers when faced with the unknown. Current AIs are very accurate but inflexible at image recognition. Exactly why this is remains a mystery. Researchers have developed a method called ‘Raw Zero-Shot’ to assess how neural networks handle elements unknown to them...

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