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Credit: Martha Sexton/public domain

A team with University of California has found that introducing a type of antimicrobial protein called a microcin into the guts of mice with inflamed bowels caused a reduction in the degree of inflammation. The team describes their study of the use of the protein in mice and their evidence that microcins intercede in the relationship between different types of bacteria in the gut.

Over the past several decades, scientists have made a lot of progress in better understanding the factors that lead to irritable bowel syndrome, IBS, which covers a host of gut ailments, from Crohn’s disease to colitis. Most of them, they believe, are due to harmful gut bacteria multiplying and pushing out beneficial bacteria...

Serotonin and AVP structures

The brain regulates social behavior differently in males and females, according to a new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Dr. Elliott Albers, director of the Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Regents’ Professor of Neuroscience at Georgia State University, and graduate student Joseph I. Terranova, has discovered that serotonin (5-HT) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) act in opposite ways in males and females to influence aggression and dominance. Because dominance and aggressiveness have been linked to stress resistance, these findings may influence the development of more effective gender-specific treatment strategies for stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders.

“These results begin to provide a neurochemical basis f...

Sima Baghbanzadeh et al. Geometry, Supertransfer, and Optimality in the Light Harvesting of Purple Bacteria, The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters (2016). DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01779

In its billions of years on earth, plant life has become super-efficient at using light – and now it’s showing how it does it. A quantum – minuscule – examination of chlorophyll within certain purple bacteria shows an exceptionally efficient geometric arrangement for light harvesting, say scientists from The University of Queensland and Iran’s Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences. UQ’s Dr Ivan Kassal, said the bacteria used “quantum coherence” – particles’ wave-like properties – to harvest light during photosynthesis.

“Inside, the bacteria’s chlorophyll molecules – which collect en...

This artist’s rendition shows how a proposed laser-fluorescence instrument could operate on Mars. Credits: NASA

A sensing technique that the U.S. military currently uses to remotely monitor the air to detect potentially life-threatening chemicals, toxins, and pathogens has inspired a new instrument that could “sniff” for life on Mars and other targets in the solar system—the Bio-Indicator Lidar Instrument, or BILI. Branimir Blagojevic, a NASA technologist at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, formerly worked for a company that developed the sensor...