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This artist’s rendition shows how a proposed laser-fluorescence instrument could operate on Mars. Credits: NASA

A sensing technique that the U.S. military currently uses to remotely monitor the air to detect potentially life-threatening chemicals, toxins, and pathogens has inspired a new instrument that could “sniff” for life on Mars and other targets in the solar system—the Bio-Indicator Lidar Instrument, or BILI. Branimir Blagojevic, a NASA technologist at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, formerly worked for a company that developed the sensor...

Illustration of air showers from high-energy cosmic rays. Credit: Pieter Kuiper

An international team of physicists has developed a pioneering approach to using Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) – the highest energy particles in nature since the Big Bang – to study particle interactions far beyond the reach of human-made accelerators. The work makes use of UHECR measurements by the Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) in Argentina, which has been recording UHECR data for about a decade.

The study may also point to the emergence of some new, not-yet-understood physical phenomenon at an order-of-magnitude higher energy than can be accessed with the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), where the Higgs particle was discovered...

A microscopic image of a mouse lymph node. Credit: Image courtesy of Kazuhiro Suzuki

Researchers in Japan have discovered that the adrenergic nervous system controls when white blood cells circulate through the body, boosting the immune response by retaining T and B cells in lymph nodes at the time of day when they are most likely to encounter foreign antigens. On their way around the body, T and B cells pass through lymph nodes, where specialized cells may present them with antigens from bacteria or other pathogens. The T and B cells then reenter the bloodstream in search of these pathogens so that they can kill them. Previous studies have suggested that number of T and B cells present in the bloodstream varies over the course of the day.

Kazuhiro Suzuki and colleagues from the WPI Immuno...

Stuck in senescence, this cell can no longer grow or divide. The Arid1b protein (green) induces this state by regulating the expression of specific genes. In contrast other regions of the DNA (blue) contain genes that are not bound by Arid1b and are not expressed (red). Credit: MRC CSC

Scientists have shown that a mutation in gene Arid1b can cause liver cancer. The gene normally protects against cancer by limiting cell growth, but when mutated it allows cells to grow uncontrollably. The researchers have shown that two existing drugs can halt this growth in human cells. This points to a new approach to treating liver cancer. These early results could be translated into a treatment relatively quickly. This is because the drugs are already used to treat other types of cancer...