A molecular switch syncs fat burning to the body clock, our diet and the temperature around us

outside workout
Credit: Unsplash/CC0 Public Domain

Brown fat burns fuel to make heat, and this activity is controlled by the body clock: It drops during sleep and rises before waking. But a cold morning or a skipped meal makes demands the clock never planned for. How the body keeps to a fixed energy timetable while still improvising has long been a puzzle.

Researchers at the University of Copenhagen’s NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research (CBMR) now show that SLC25A34, a little-studied protein in the mitochondria of fat cells, acts as a switch that connects the body clock, temperature and diet to how fat cells store and spend energy. The study was published in Science.

“We usually think of the body clock, the response to temperature and the response to food as separate systems...

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Ions help electrons hop through porous material with potential for brain-inspired computing

New research advances neuron-inspired computing materials
Visualization of the zinc-based metal-organic framework, highlighting how a nearby potassium ion can influence electron movement through the material. Credit: Courtesy of Alejandro Aviles Sanchez

Next-generation computing technologies could be one step closer to emulating how neurons respond and communicate with each other, thanks to research examining how electrons and ions move through materials.

Among them, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of materials with potential for advanced electronics.

In a recently published paper in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, Texas A&M University chemical engineering professor Dr. Perla Balbuena and postdoctoral researcher Dr...

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Webb provides crash course on planet-shattering collisions

Artist’s concept of a star and its debris disk against the black background of space. The star is in the background, right of center, and depicted as a small, luminous sphere. The debris disk is a large blue ring that encircles the star. The debris disk is angled toward the viewer, so that the portion nearest to the viewer extends beyond the bottom frame of the illustration. Many dark, rocky fragments are scattered throughout the debris disk. In the foreground, toward the left, is a small planetary embryo colliding into the left side of a larger spherical object. The impact site glows bright yellow and orange and has a mottled appearance, as though chunks of both colliding bodies are breaking up and being destroyed. Orange-yellow streams of vapor extend outward from the collision area. Behind the debris disk and its star are many small stars in the background. A label in the bottom right corner reads “Artist’s Concept.”
The types of collisions within young stellar systems known as extreme debris disks are relevant to scientists’ understanding of our own solar system, which is thought to have undergone similar impact events that created our Moon and shaped Earth’s initial state.
Artwork: NASA, ESA, CSA, Joseph Olmsted (STScI)

In the early history of our solar system, scientists theorize that a Mars-sized object called Theia smashed into the infant Earth, vaporizing massive amounts of rock and blasting it into space. Some of that material coalesced into the moon, where NASA’s Artemis program is returning humans, preparing for Mars and shaping the future of space exploration.

That long-ago, violent collision reshaped our home planet...

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An omega-3 paradox: When ‘healthy fats’ shut down defenses against cancer

salmon
Credit: Unsplash/CC0 Public Domain

Omega fatty acids have long been recognized for their benefits: supporting cardiovascular health, reducing systemic inflammation, and promoting brain development and cognitive function. But scientists now warn of a long-unrecognized downside to these compounds when it comes to cancer and immunotherapy.

New preclinical experiments by medical investigators in the Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program at Yale University School of Medicine show that omega fatty acids can blunt the cancer-killing capabilities of the immune system’s natural killer cells.

Their research is part of a growing body of evidence suggesting that well-known—and largely beneficial—fatty acids can circumvent the body’s defenses and promote cancer growth.

A unifying he...

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