How Inflammation causes Gastric Cancer

A schematic illustration of the role of Noxo1 and NOX1 in the inflammation-associated gastric tumorigenesis. Helicobacter pylori infection causes chronic gastritis, which further induces expression of Noxo1 through TNF-α/NF-κB inflammatory cytokine pathway. Induction of Noxo1 as well as other NOX1 complex, such as NOX1, Noxa1 and Cyba, leads to activation of NOX1 complex and ROS production. Increased ROS level in the inflamed gastric mucosa results in expansion of SOX2-positive stem cell population, which induces gastritis-associated gastric metaplasia and hyperplasia. This Noxo1-involved inflammatory pathway contributes to gastric tumorigenesis in the H. pylori-infected stomach.
CREDIT
Kanazawa University

Researchers have solved the decades-old mystery of how stomach bacterium He...

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A Biosynthetic Dual-Core Cell Computer

Based on digital examples, ETH researchers introduced two cores made of biological materials into human cells. (Graphic: Colourbox/Steven Emmett, ETH Zurich)

Researchers have integrated two CRISPR-Cas9-based core processors into human cells. This represents a huge step towards creating powerful biocomputers. Controlling gene expression through gene switches based on a model borrowed from the digital world has long been one of the primary objectives of synthetic biology. The digital technique uses what are known as logic gates to process input signals, creating circuits where, for example, output signal C is produced only when input signals A and B are simultaneously present.

To date, biotechnologists had attempted to build such digital circuits with the help of protein gene switches i...

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Astronomers discover 3rd planet in the Kepler-47 Circumbinary system


This is an artistic rendition of the Kepler-47 circumbinary planet system. The three planets with the large middle planet being the newly discovered Kepler47d.
Credit: NASA/JPLCaltech/T. Pyle

Astronomers have discovered a third planet in the Kepler-47 system, securing the system’s title as the most interesting of the binary-star worlds. Using data from NASA’s Kepler space telescope, a team of researchers, led by astronomers at San Diego State University, detected the new Neptune-to-Saturn-size planet orbiting between two previously known planets.

With its three planets orbiting two suns, Kepler-47 is the only known multi-planet circumbinary system. Circumbinary planets are those that orbit two stars.

The planets in the Kepler-47 system were detected via the “transit method...

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Scientists print 1st 3D Heart using patient’s Biological Materials

A 3D-printed, small-scaled human heart engineered from the patient’s own materials and cells.
Credit: Advanced Science. © 2019 The Authors.

Engineered heart completely matches the immunological, cellular, biochemical and anatomical properties of the patient. In a major medical breakthrough, Tel Aviv University researchers have “printed” the world’s first 3D vascularised engineered heart using a patient’s own cells and biological materials.

Until now, scientists in regenerative medicine – a field positioned at the crossroads of biology and technology – have been successful in printing only simple tissues without blood vessels.

“This is the first time anyone anywhere has successfully engineered and printed an entire heart replete with cells, blood vessels, ventricles and chambers,” says...

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