Salk scientists move one step closer to developing ‘exercise-in-a-pill.’ Partial view of a mouse calf muscle stained for different types of muscle fibers: oxidative slow-twitch (blue), oxidative fast-twitch (green), glycolytic fast-twitch (red). Credit: Salk Institute/Waitt Center

For the elderly, obese or otherwise mobility-limited, the rewards of aerobic exercise have long been out of reach. Salk Institute scientists, building on earlier work that identified a gene pathway triggered by running, have discovered how to fully activate that pathway in sedentary mice with a chemical compound, mimicking the beneficial effects of exercise, including increased fat burning and stamina...

3-dimensional microstructures can be written using a laser, erased, and rewritten. Credit: KIT

3D printing by direct laser writing produces micrometer-sized structures with precisely defined properties. Researchers of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) have now developed a method to erase the ink used for 3D printing. In this way, the small structures of up to 100 nm in size can be erased and rewritten repeatedly. This development opens up many new applications of 3D fabrication in biology or materials sciences, for instance.

Direct laser writing means that a computer-controlled, focused laser beam generates the structure in a photoresist similar to a pen...

With the new infrared 3D scanner, people can be measured without disturbing projections. Credit: Image courtesy of Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft

Infrared 3D scanners have been used in video games for quite some time. Whereas in video games the scanners are, for example, only able to identify if a player throws his arms up in the air while playing virtual volleyball, the new 3D scanner of Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering is able to be much more precise. With a resolution of 1 million pixels and real-time data processing, numerous applications are possible with this new device.

“The measuring technology works in a similar way to human vision. However, instead of 2 eyes we are using 2 near-infrared cameras,” Stefan Heist from Fraunhofer IOF explains...

An excess of gamma-rays coming from the center of the Milky Way is likely due to a population of rapidly spinning, very dense and highly magnetized neutron stars, called pulsars. Credit: NASA/CXC/University of Massachusetts/D. Wang et al.; Greg Stewart/SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

A mysterious gamma-ray glow at the center of the Milky Way is most likely caused by pulsars – the incredibly dense, rapidly spinning cores of collapsed ancient stars that were up to 30 times more massive than the sun. That’s the conclusion of a new analysis by an international team including researchers from the Department of Energy’s SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory...