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    Study reveals How Melanoma Spreads

    February 8, 2017, Categories  Health/Medical, Biology/Biotechnology

    1. Hypoxia-induced HIF1α targets in melanocytes reveal a molecular profile associated with poor melanoma prognosis. Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research, 2017; DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12579 2. Hypoxia-dependent regulation of HIF-1 activity.

    1. Hypoxia-induced HIF1α targets in melanocytes reveal a molecular profile associated with poor melanoma prognosis. Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research, 2017; DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12579
    2. Hypoxia-dependent regulation of HIF-1 activity.

    Insights provide possible new targets for personalized treatments. Cancerous tumors are voracious. Once they have consumed all the oxygen and nutrients in the original tumor site, the cancer cells metastasize to find more nourishment. Searching for clues about how the body signals the lack of oxygen in melanoma skin cancer, NIH researchers focused on HIF1alpha (hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha), a protein that acts as a sensor for oxygen and nutrients in many types of cancer...

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    Record-Breaking Material Contracts when Heated

    February 8, 2017, Categories  Chemistry/Nanotechnology, Physics, Technology/Electronics

    A layered ruthenate Ca2RuO4-y ceramic body contracts on heating, or exhibits negative thermal expansion (NTE). The sintered-body structure shows colossal NTE when extremely anisotropic thermal expansion of the crystal grains produces deformation, consuming open spaces (voids) on heating. The total volume change related to NTE reaches 6.7 percent at most, the largest reported so far. Credit: Koshi Takenaka

    A layered ruthenate Ca2RuO4-y ceramic body contracts on heating, or exhibits negative thermal expansion (NTE). The sintered-body structure shows colossal NTE when extremely anisotropic thermal expansion of the crystal grains produces deformation, consuming open spaces (voids) on heating. The total volume change related to NTE reaches 6.7 percent at most, the largest reported so far. Credit: Koshi Takenaka

    Machines and devices in modern industry are required to withstand harsh conditions. When environmental temperature changes, the volume of the materials used to make these devices usually changes slightly, typically by <0.01%. Although this may seem trivial, over time this thermal expansion can seriously degrade the performance of industrial systems and equipment.

    Materials that contract o...

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    Novel LED Street Lights Reduce Costs

    February 8, 2017, Categories  Physics, Technology/Electronics

    Array of low-power light-emitting diodes. Failure of a single LED does not affect the overall system. (Photo: KIT)

    Array of low-power light-emitting diodes. Failure of a single LED does not affect the overall system. (Photo: KIT)

    Researchers of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) have developed a novel type of LED street light of increased efficiency. Compared to conventional LEDs, power consumption may be reduced by up to 20%. This will also decrease costs and CO2 emission. Conventional high-power diodes are replaced by a special array of LEDs. This enhances efficiency, increases service life and safety, and produces a better light.

    Parallel connection of a large number of LEDs is difficult, as failure of a single diode will cause failure of the overall system or section...

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    Stars Align in test supporting ‘Spooky Action at a distance’

    February 8, 2017, Categories  Astronomy/Space

    (a) The three experimental stations and related acronyms are described in the main text. Stellar photon receiving telescopes (Rx-SP) with primary mirror diameters of 0.2032 m (Meade 8-inch LX200 ACF, f = 2     m ) and 0.254 m (Meade 10-inch LX600 ACF, f = 2.032     m ) were used by Alice and Bob, respectively, although the telescope apertures were each partially covered to limit sky noise. Diameters and focal lengths of the quantum channel telescopes are Alice (Tx-EP: d = 50.8 , f = 100     mm ; Rx-EP: d = 80 , f = 400     mm ) and Bob (Tx-EP: d = 70 , f = 280     mm ; Rx-EP: d = 140 , f = 420     mm ). Latitude, longitude, and elevation for the three experimental sites are Alice ( A : 48.21645°, 16.354311°, 215.0 m), Bob ( B : 48.23160°, 16.3579553°, 200.0 m), and the Source ( S : 48.221311°, 16.356439°, 205.0 m). (b) and (c) For experimental run 1, the setup deviated from the ideal, colinear 1D case by the angles displayed. Site coordinates yield α ≈ 18 0 ° and β ≈ 16 9 ° for both runs. See Table 1 for the azimuth (az) and altitude (alt) of each star observed during each experimental run. (3D graphics taken from Google Earth, 2016.)

    (a) The three experimental stations and related acronyms are described in the main text. Stellar photon receiving telescopes (Rx-SP) with primary mirror diameters of 0.2032 m (Meade 8-inch LX200 ACF, f = 2     m ) and 0.254 m (Meade 10-inch LX600 ACF, f = 2.032     m ) were used by Alice and Bob, respectively, although the telescope apertures were each partially covered to limit sky noise. Diameters and focal lengths of the quantum channel telescopes are Alice (Tx-EP: d = 50.8 , f = 100     mm ; Rx-EP: d = 80 , f = 400     mm ) and Bob (Tx-EP: d = 70 , f = 280     mm ; Rx-EP: d = 140 , f = 420     mm ). Latitude, longitude, and elevation for the three experimental sites are Alice ( A : 48.21645°, 16.354311°, 215.0 m), Bob ( B : 48.23160°, 16.3579553°, 200.0 m), and the Source ( S : 48...

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