Hubble Detects Ghostly Glow Surrounding Our Solar System

This artist’s illustration shows the location and size of a hypothetical cloud of dust surrounding our solar system. Astronomers searched through 200,000 images and made tens of thousands of measurements from Hubble Space Telescope to discover a residual background glow in the sky. Because the glow is so smoothy distributed, the likely source is innumerable comets – free-flying dusty snowballs of ice. They fall in toward the Sun from all different directions, spewing out an exhaust of dust as the ices sublimate due to heat from the Sun. If real, this would be a newly discovered architectural element of the solar system.
Credits: NASA, ESA, and Andi James (STScI)

Aside from a tapestry of glittering stars, and the glow of the waxing and waning Moon, the nighttime sky looks inky black to...

Read More

How a Cell’s Mitochondria make their Own Protein Factories

mitoribosomes
A subunit of a yeast mitoribosome (pink) compared to that of a human mitoribosome (purple). Although different, the two developing subunits have an assembly factor (green) in common. Credit: Sebastian Klinge

The findings shed a rare light on mitoribosomes, the unique ribosomes found within the cell’s mitochondria. Ribosomes, the tiny protein-producing factories within cells, are ubiquitous and look largely identical across the tree of life. Those that keep bacteria chugging along are, structurally, not much different from the ribosomes churning out proteins in our own human cells.

But even two organisms with similar ribosomes may display significant structural differences in the RNA and protein components of their mitoribosomes...

Read More

A Reconfigurable Device based on 2D van der Waals Heterostructures that works both as a Transistor and Memory

A reconfigurable device based on 2D van der Waals heterostructures that works both as a transistor and memory
Schematic structure of the PFGFET created by the researchers, which is made from graphene (mauve, the partial floating gate), hexagonal boron nitride (green and purple) and tungsten diselenide (red and blue, the channel). The PFGFET can act as a memory with forwards and backwards transfer characteristics and as a transistor. The device has a source electrode (S) and a drain electrode (D), and is controlled by two of the terminals of the device: the control gate (CG) and the top gate (TG). Credit: Sun et al, Nature Electronics (2022). DOI: 10.1038/s41928-022-00858-z

One key objective of electronics engineering research is to develop computing devices that are both highly performing and energy-efficient, meaning that they can compute information quickly while consuming little power...

Read More

How the ‘Hell Planet’ got so Hot: New measurements reveal the orbital path of planet 55 Cnc e

How the 'hell planet' got so hot
An artist’s impression of the planet Janssen, which orbits its star so closely that its entire surface is a lava ocean that reaches temperatures of around 2,000 degrees Celsius. Credit: ESA/Hubble, M. Kornmesser

New research sheds light on how the “hell planet” got so devilishly hot and how other worlds might become too toasty for life. That rocky world, 55 Cnc e (nicknamed “Janssen”), orbits its star so closely that a year lasts just 18 hours, its surface is a giant lava ocean, and its interior may be chock-full of diamond.

The fresh insights come thanks to a new tool called EXPRES that captured ultra-precise measurements of the starlight shining from Janssen’s sun, known as Copernicus or 55 Cnc...

Read More