Evidence of Superionic Ice provides New Insights into Unusual Magnetic Fields of Uranus and Neptune

Evidence of superionic ice provides new insights into the unusual magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune
The magnetic field of Neptune, like that of the Earth, is not static but varies over time. Pictured is a snapshot from August 2004. Credit: NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio

How a conductive form of ice is formed at several thousand degrees and millions of times atmospheric pressure. Not all ice is the same. The solid form of water comes in more than a dozen different – sometimes more, sometimes less crystalline – structures, depending on the conditions of pressure and temperature in the environment. Superionic ice is a special crystalline form, half solid, half liquid — and electrically conductive. Its existence has been predicted on the basis of various models and has already been observed on several occasions under — very extreme — laboratory conditions...

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Intelligent Optical Chip to Improve Telecommunications

Intelligent optical chip to improve telecommunications
Experimental setup for the optical pulse shaping. SDL, split-and-delay line; MLL, mode-locked laser; PD, photodiode; FM, Faraday mirror; TBPF, tunable bandpass filter; HNLF, highly nonlinear fiber; EDFA, erbium-doped fiber amplifier; OFC, optical fiber coupler. Inset (a) Optical FWM spectrum after HNLF; inset (b) sampling characterization: sampled waveform from the oscilloscope after calibration (in blue), retrieved waveform from the sampling (pink area), and autocorrelation trace (solid black line, measured with a Femtochrome FR-103XL autocorrelator). The autocorrelation factor (i.e., 0.707) has been applied to the presented time axis. Hence, both displayed values show the FWHM pulse width. Credit: Institut national de la recherche scientifique – INRS

From the internet, to fiber or sa...

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San Andreas Fault-like Tectonics discovered on Saturn moon Titan

diagram of saturn and titan
Titan’s eccentric orbit causes variations in gravitational tidal forces. (Photo credit: Burkhard,et al 2021)

Strike-slip faulting, the type of motion common to California’s well-known San Andreas Fault, was reported recently to possibly occur on Titan, Saturn’s largest moon. New research, led by planetary scientists from the University of Hawai’i at Mānoa School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), suggests this tectonic motion may be active on Titan, deforming the icy surface.

On multiple ocean worlds, for example Jupiter’s Europa and Saturn’s Enceladus, expressions of strike-slip faulting are well documented...

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How the Brain Ignores Distracting Information to Coordinate Movements

Inhibitory neuron cell bodies (red) in the brainstem with their axonal projections (green) onto the cuneate cells (blue) that transmit touch information. This circuit regulates information conveyed by touch receptors in the hands as it enters the brain.
Credit: Salk Institute

The latest research has implications for understanding sensory disorders and building better prosthetics and robots that can fine-tune their movements based on what they touch. Researchers have discovered how neurons in a small area of the mammalian brain help filter distracting or disruptive signals — specifically from the hands — to coordinate dexterous movements. Their results may hold lessons in how the brain filters other sensory information as well.

As you read this article, touch receptors in your skin ar...

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