Researchers have developed new 4D hydrogels – 3D materials that have the ability to change shape over time in response to stimuli – that can morph multiple times in a preprogrammed or on-demand manner in response to external trigger signals.
Tissue engineering has long-depended on geometrically static scaffolds seeded with cells in the lab to create new tissues and even organs. The scaffolding material — usually a biodegradable polymer structure — is supplied with cells and the cells, if supplied with the right nutrients, then develop into tissue as the underlying scaffold biodegrades...
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