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Astronomers shocked by how these giant exoplanets formed

drawing of gas giant planet being bombarded by meteorites
One way gas giants form is through core accretion, where solid cores gradually grow in a disk by pulling in rocky and icy pebbles until they become massive enough to attract the gas that surrounds young stars. (cr: Jean-Baptiste Ruffio)

JWST just found evidence that some “super-Jupiters” may have formed like planets, not failed stars. A distant star system with four super-sized gas giants has revealed a surprise. Thanks to JWST’s powerful vision, astronomers detected sulfur in their atmospheres — a chemical clue that they formed like Jupiter, by slowly building solid cores. That’s unexpected because these planets are far bigger and orbit much farther from their star than models once allowed.

Gas giants are enormous planets made primarily of hydrogen and helium...

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