Category Astronomy/Space

Designing in situ power stations for future Mars missions

Diagram depicting how the Martian atmosphere could be used for power generation on future human missions to Mars. (Credit: Yang et al. (2026))
Diagram depicting how the Martian atmosphere could be used for power generation on future human missions to Mars. (Credit: Yang et al. (2026))

You’re in the lab analyzing Martian regolith samples within your cozy Mars habitat serving on the fifth human mission to Mars. The power within the habitat has been flowing flawlessly thanks to the MARS-MES (Mars Atmospheric Resource & Multimodal Energy System), including the general habitat lighting, science lab, sleeping quarters, exercise equipment, the virtual reality headsets the crew use for rest & relaxation, oxygen and fuel generation, and water. All this from converting the Martian atmosphere into workable electricity.

While this scenario might be decades away, scientists on Earth are working hard to make this concept a reality today...

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NASA Curiosity rover finds mysterious life linked molecules on Mars

The six-wheeled Curiosity rover is positioned in the right side of the frame on a rugged, rock-strewn, brownish-red Martian plain. The rover’s articulated robotic arm and camera mast are raised. Distant hills and a hazy, dusty orange-brown sky are in the background.
NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover took this selfie on Oct. 25, 2020, after drilling a rock sample from a spot nicknamed “Mary Anning.” After years of extensive analysis, the sample has revealed the greatest diversity of organic molecules ever found on Mars.
NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS

NASA’s Curiosity rover has identified a wide range of organic molecules on Mars, including compounds that scientists consider key ingredients for the origin of life on Earth.

The discovery comes from a chemical experiment carried out on another planet for the first time. Results show that the Martian surface is capable of preserving molecules that could act as potential signs of ancient life...

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Why stars spin down, or up, before they die

Why stars spin down, or up, before they die
Illustration of the inner regions of a massive star during its final oxygen (green) and silicon (teal) shell burning phase, before the collapse of the iron core (indigo). The strength and geometry of the magnetic field, combined with the properties of convection in the oxygen region can cause the rotation rate to speed up or slow down. Credit KyotoU / Lucy McNeill

From birth to death, stars generally slow by 100 to 1,000 times their initial rotation rates; in other words, they “spin down.” The sun’s total angular momentum has declined as material is gradually blown off at the surface as solar wind. By observing this, astronomers have theorized the interaction between magneticfields and plasma flow to be the most efficient way to spin down stars.

Why and how this happens has long int...

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Two blazing quasars caught waltzing into a merger

Two blazing quasars caught waltzing into a merger
Artist’s concept of two quasars in the process of merging. Credit: International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/M. Garlick

Astronomers, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), have confirmed the existence of a close quasar pair housed in a pair of merging galaxies seen when the universe was less than a billion years old, at a redshift of 5.7. The system, designated J2037–4537, is one of only two confirmed quasar pairs at redshift greater than 5 ever found. A paper outlining this work was submitted to the preprint server arXiv on April 7.

Quasars are among the most luminous objects in the universe. They belong to the family of active galactic nuclei (AGN)—galaxies that are powered by supermassive black holes at their centers...

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