Category Astronomy/Space

NASA Curiosity rover finds mysterious life linked molecules on Mars

The six-wheeled Curiosity rover is positioned in the right side of the frame on a rugged, rock-strewn, brownish-red Martian plain. The rover’s articulated robotic arm and camera mast are raised. Distant hills and a hazy, dusty orange-brown sky are in the background.
NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover took this selfie on Oct. 25, 2020, after drilling a rock sample from a spot nicknamed “Mary Anning.” After years of extensive analysis, the sample has revealed the greatest diversity of organic molecules ever found on Mars.
NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS

NASA’s Curiosity rover has identified a wide range of organic molecules on Mars, including compounds that scientists consider key ingredients for the origin of life on Earth.

The discovery comes from a chemical experiment carried out on another planet for the first time. Results show that the Martian surface is capable of preserving molecules that could act as potential signs of ancient life...

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Why stars spin down, or up, before they die

Why stars spin down, or up, before they die
Illustration of the inner regions of a massive star during its final oxygen (green) and silicon (teal) shell burning phase, before the collapse of the iron core (indigo). The strength and geometry of the magnetic field, combined with the properties of convection in the oxygen region can cause the rotation rate to speed up or slow down. Credit KyotoU / Lucy McNeill

From birth to death, stars generally slow by 100 to 1,000 times their initial rotation rates; in other words, they “spin down.” The sun’s total angular momentum has declined as material is gradually blown off at the surface as solar wind. By observing this, astronomers have theorized the interaction between magneticfields and plasma flow to be the most efficient way to spin down stars.

Why and how this happens has long int...

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Two blazing quasars caught waltzing into a merger

Two blazing quasars caught waltzing into a merger
Artist’s concept of two quasars in the process of merging. Credit: International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/M. Garlick

Astronomers, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), have confirmed the existence of a close quasar pair housed in a pair of merging galaxies seen when the universe was less than a billion years old, at a redshift of 5.7. The system, designated J2037–4537, is one of only two confirmed quasar pairs at redshift greater than 5 ever found. A paper outlining this work was submitted to the preprint server arXiv on April 7.

Quasars are among the most luminous objects in the universe. They belong to the family of active galactic nuclei (AGN)—galaxies that are powered by supermassive black holes at their centers...

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Self-regulating process governs cosmic order inside star clusters

A large number of small molecular clouds (left) cannot form the same population of stars as one very large cloud (right). – This has a significant influence on the evolution of galaxies. © Copyright: Eda Gjergo

A team of astrophysicists from Nanjing University and University of Bonn have demonstrated that, rather than being random, the mass of new stars born inside a star cluster is actually governed by a defined process of self-regulation. Their work has been published in the journal Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics.

How galaxy size shapes newborn stars
When a galaxy welcomes new stars, they are usually formed in star clusters inside vast gas clouds...

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