MALEIC ANHYDRIDE

~ also known as 2,5-Furandione; Maleic acid anhydride; Furan-2,5-dione; 108-31-6; Toxilic anhydride; etc. is the acid anhydride of maleic acid. It is prepared industrially on a large scale for use in coatings and polymers. The maleic anhydride market size is estimated to reach USD 5.08 Billion by the year 2020, at a CAGR of 6.8% between 2015 and 2020.

Chemical structure: It is an organic compound with the chemical formula C₂H₂(CO)₂O or C₄H₂O₃.

Properties: Maleic anhydride is a colorless or white crystal with a pungent smell. It melts at a temperature of 113°F. Its vapors, dusts, and fumes strongly irritate the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Flashpoint is 218°F. Auto-ignition temperature is 890°F. It is soluble in water and ether and decomposes in hot solvent.

IODIC ACID

~ also known as 6U8J18JSBM; 7782-68-5; HIO3; UNII-6U8J18JSBM; etc. is a relatively strong acid.

Chemical structure: HIO_3. Iodic acid usually contains iodine in the oxidation state of +5. It is one of the very stable oxo-acids of the halogens.

Properties: Iodic acid is a strong acid with pK_a of 0.75. It oxidizes strongly in acidic solution but less so in basic solution. Under conditions of very low pH and high concentration of chloride, iodic acid is reduced to iodine trichloride.

I₂ + 6 H₂O + 5 Cl₂ ⇌ 2 HIO₃ + 10 HCl

Chemical reactions and Uses: When iodic acid is cautiously heated, it bec...

HYDRIODIC ACID

~ also known as Hydroiodic acid; 10034-85-2; Iodane; hydrogen iodide; Hydriotic acid; etc. is the second strongest hydrohalic acid, following hydroastatic acid. Hydriodic acid is a generally used chemical reagent. It is one of the strong acids that ionize totally in an aqueous solution.

Chemical structure: The chemical formula of hydroiodic acid is HI. It has a molar mass of 127.91 g/mol. the gaseous form is Hydrogen iodide, while hydroiodic acid is the aqueous form of HI. They can both be interchanged. The structure of HI, which is a simple diatomic molecule, is given below:

Properties: Hydrogen iodide is a colorless gas. It has a pungent smell that is soluble in water to give hydroiodic acid. Concentrated hydroiodic acid is generally 48 to 57% HI in water...

CALCIUM HYDROXIDE

~ also known as Hydrated lime; 1305-62-0; Slaked lime; Calcium dihydroxide; Calcium(II) hydroxide; etc. is an inorganic compound that has many industrial and medical uses. It has a lot of other names including builders’ lime, hydrated lime, cal, caustic lime, slack lime, or pickling lime. The global calcium hydroxide market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 4.81% for the period of 2017–2021.

Chemical structure: Ca(OH)₂ or CaH₂O₂. Calcium hydroxide adopts a polymeric structure, as do all metal hydroxides.

Properties: Calcium hydroxide is a white powder or colorless crystal. It is slightly soluble in water and glycerol, but insoluble in ethanol.

~Calcium hydroxide is commercially produced by treating lime with water:

CaO + H₂O → Ca(OH)

~In the laborato...