Category Health/Medical

CHAnGE enables rapid generation of genome-wide yeast disruption mutants and directed evolution of complex phenotypes.

Design and characterization of 5 IAs. (A, B) Schematic diagrams show the structures of IAs, which are scFv-hIgG-Fc–like molecules bearing antibody-binding domains to gp120 or human CD4. scFv, single-chain variable fragment; hIgG, human immunoglobulin G, VH, variable heavy chain; VL, variable light chain; CH, constant heavy chain. (C) The released IAs in culture supernatants were detected by Western blot analysis under reducing conditions. (D) Each IA displayed neutralizing activity against pseudovirus HIV-1ADA. (E) Paired IAs were tested for synergistic effects in a checkerboard neutralization assay. The synergy volumes of –50 to 50, 50 to 100, and >100 in a synergy plot at the 95% CI were used to define additive, slight synergistic, and synergistic effects, respectively...

Diagrams showing the burn wound geometry (left) and a cartoon representation of the mathematical model (right). Host cells are covered by a liquid layer known as the exudate, which is itself covered by dead (necrotic) tissue, except in the region of the excision where the exudate is exposed to the air. Bacteria and inhibitors exist in one of two states: free in the exudate or bound to the host cells, and can transition between these states by binding to and unbinding from the host cells. Both free and bound bacteria can divide; daughters of free bacteria enter the exudate, whereas some of the bound bacterial daughters remain bound to the surface, the rest entering the exudate...

A scientist demonstrates application of the experimental therapy to the inner elbow. For demonstration purposes, the bacteria solution has been replaced with purple dye. Credit: NIAID