Category Health/Medical

Rotated wireframe of brain’s physical inference and action centers

The ‘Physics Engine’ of the brain predicts how world behaves; among ‘most important aspects of cognition for survival’. Whether or not they aced the subject in high school, human beings are physics masters when it comes to understanding and predicting how objects in the world will behave. A Johns Hopkins University cognitive scientist has found the source of that intuition, the brain’s “physics engine.”

This engine, which comes alive when people watch physical events unfold, is not in the brain’s vision center, but in a set of regions devoted to planning actions, suggesting the brain performs constant, real-time physics calculations so people are ready to catch, dodge, hoist or take any necessary action, on the fly...

A significant number of autumnous adenomas carry a mutation in a gene that is involved in controlling cell proliferation and differentiation. EZH1 – or Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 1 – is the scientific name of this gene. ( Graphic: Davice Calebiro / Kerstin Bathon)

Autonomous adenomas are the most common benign tumors of the thyroid gland. Mutations in 2 genes account for around 70% of the cases. Scientists have now discovered another key trigger. Thyroid hormones are involved in controlling many functions of the human body: They influence sugar, lipid and protein metabolism, regulate body temperature, heart rate, circulation and many more functions. In children, they also control the development of the brain and nerves as well as bone growth...

Highlights •URI/OGT/PP1γ forms a functional heterotrimeric complex in cancer cells •Glucose depletion phosphorylates URI at Ser-371, releasing PP1γ to inhibit OGT •OGT inhibition reduces c-MYC, promoting cancer cell survival upon metabolic stress •URI (S371A) increases O-GlcNAcylation, c-MYC levels, and hepatocarcinogenesis

New research provides important clues that might help understand the resistance to drugs that ‘starve’ tumors, and also how cancer cells manage to survive in the center of the tumor mass, where barely any blood vessels can reach...

Engineer Jeffrey Rimer and collaborators have discovered a new molecule that has the potential to be a more effective inhibitor of kidney stone formation. Credit: University of Houston

A natural fruit extract is capable of dissolving calcium oxalate crystals, the most common component of human kidney stones. This finding could lead to the first advance in the treatment of calcium oxalate stones in 30 years. The work offers the first evidence that the compound hydroxycitrate (HCA) is an effective inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystal growth that, under certain conditions, is actually able to dissolve these crystals. The findings are the result of a combination of experimental studies, computational studies and human studies.

Kidney stones are small, hard mineral deposits that form inside the...