Iota Orionis. Credit: Image by Danielle Futselaar
Using the world’s smallest astronomical satellites, researchers have detected the biggest stellar heartbeat ever. Astronomers are hopeful that this discovery will provide the initiative to search for other such systems, creating a fundamental shift in how we study the evolution of massive stars. This is important, since massive stars are laboratories of elements essential to life.
Astronomers from the BRITE (BRight Target Explorer) Constellation project and Ritter Observatory have discovered a repeating 1% spike in the light of a very massive star which could change our understanding of such stars. Iota Orionis is a binary star system and is easily visible with the naked eye, being the brightest star in the constellation Orion’s sword. Its unique variability was discovered using the world’s smallest astronomical space satellites, referred to as “nanosats.” “As the first functional nanosatellite astronomy mission, the BRITE-Constellation is at the vanguard of this coming space revolution,” said Canadian BRITE-Constellation principal investigator Gregg Wade,Royal Military College of Canada, Ontario.
The light from Iota Orionis is relatively stable 90% of the time but then dips rapidly followed by a large spike. This unusual variation is the result of the interaction of 2 stars in a highly elliptical 30-day orbit around each other. While the 2 stars spend the majority of their time far apart, they do come nearly 8 times closer together for a short time once every orbit. At that point the gravitational force between the two stars becomes so strong that it rapidly distorts their shapes. Iota Orionis represents the first time this effect has been seen in such a massive system (35X mass of the Sun), an order of magnitude larger than any in previously known systems, and allows for direct determination of the masses and radii of the components.
Even more interesting is that these systems allow us to peer inside the stars themselves. “The intense gravitational force between the stars as they move closer together triggers quakes in the star, allowing us to probe the star’s inner workings, just as we do for the Earth’s interior during Earthquakes,” said Pablo. The phenomenon of quakes is very rare in massive stars in general and this is the first time induced quakes have ever been seen in a star this massive, let alone one whose mass and radius are known. These unprecedented quakes have also led to the first real clues to how such stars will evolve. http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=173246&CultureCode=en
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