Inflammation Discovery could Slow Aging, Prevent Age-related Diseases

Inflammation discovery could slow aging, prevent age-related diseases
Age-related changes in whole-blood gene expression are associated with increased inflammatory gene transcription and decreased expression of genes encoding mitochondrial Ca2+ transport. Credit: Nature Aging (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00436-8

University of Virginia School of Medicine researchers have discovered a key driver of chronic inflammation that accelerates aging, a finding that could lead to longer, healthier lives and the possible prevention of age-related conditions such as deadly heart disease and devastating brain disorders.

The harmful inflammation is driven by improper calcium signaling in the mitochondria of certain immune cells, researchers found. Mitochondria are the power generators in all cells, and they rely heavily on calcium signaling.

The UVA Health res...

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Breakthrough Metasurface Materials Tech Unleashes Enhanced Control for Advanced Telecommunications and Beyond

Breakthrough metasurface materials tech unleashes enhanced control for advanced telecommunications and beyond
Dual-resonance unit cell with three copper layers on a printed circuit board and a backplane. The front and back of the unit cell are also shown, which, respectively, host a varactor and series varactor-resistor pair. Credit: Physical Review Applied (2023). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.20.014004

Cities can be obstacle courses for communications signals. A radio signal must travel from a cell phone to a router to a cell tower, and onward to its recipient—all while bouncing between walls, buildings and other structures. When it hits an obstacle, the radio wave gets scattered, diminishing the signal. This in turn reduces the bandwidth. At the same time, the signal must compete with the bandwidth needs of numerous other devices in the area...

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Hydrogen Peroxide found on Jupiter’s Moon Ganymede in Higher Latitudes

Hydrogen peroxide found on Jupiter's moon Ganymede only in higher latitudes
Maps of Ganymede’s 3.5 μm H2O2 absorption compared to those of the 3.1 μm Fresnel peaks of water ice and corresponding projections of the U.S. Geological Survey VoyagerGalileo imaging mosaic. H2O2 appears constrained to the upper latitudes, particularly on the leading hemisphere, which exhibits sharp boundaries at approximately ±30° to 35° latitude. These boundaries are roughly coincident with the onset of Ganymede’s polar frost caps and with the latitudes at which most of the impinging Jovian magnetospheric particles can access the surface. Maps of the Fresnel reflection peak of water ice, which generally track the distribution of ice deduced from shorter-wavelength water bands, also show the areas of greatest H2O2 on the leading hemisphere to be enriched in water ice...
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To Stick or to Bounce: Size determines the Stickiness of Cosmic Dust Aggregates

Micrometer-scale dust particles from protoplanetary disks, or sites around stars with particles and hydrogen and/or other gasses, aggregate to form planetesimals, or kilometer-scale building blocks of planets. Planetesimals, in turn, merge due to mutual gravity. ©JAMSTEC

Microparticle dust aggregates, which are thought to play a role in the formation of new planets, are less likely to stick together after a collision when the aggregates are larger.

Current evidence suggests that microparticles of cosmic dust collide and stick together to form larger dust aggregates that may eventually combine and develop into planets...

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