Impact of Key Alzheimer’s Protein depends on type of Brain Cell in which it is produced

Scientists Yadong Huang and Nicole Koutsodendris looking at a monitor in the lab at Gladstone Institutes
Yadong Huang and his team demonstrated in mice that the ApoE4 protein from neurons plays a much bigger disease-driving role in Alzheimer’s than previously thought.

Of all the known genetic risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, the strongest is a gene for the protein called ApoE4. People with one copy of this gene are 3.5 times more likely, on average, to develop Alzheimer’s than others, and those with two copies face a 12-fold increased risk. However, exactly how ApoE4 boosts the risk of Alzheimer’s remains unclear.

Multiple types of cells in the brain make ApoE4—some of it is produced by neurons, but other brain cells called glia make it in higher quantities. For that reason, most prior research on this protein has focused on ApoE4 from glia.

Now, researchers at G...

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First look at Ryugu Asteroid Sample reveals it is Organic-rich

This conceptual image illustrates the types of organic molecules found in the sample of asteroid Ryugu collected by Japan’s Hayabusa2 spacecraft. Organics are the building blocks of all known forms of terrestrial life and consist of a wide variety of compounds made of carbon combined with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and other atoms. However, organic molecules can also be created by non-living processes, such as chemical reactions in asteroids.
Credits: NASA/JAXA/Dan Gallagher

Asteroid Ryugu has a rich complement of organic molecules, according to a NASA and international team’s initial analysis of a sample from the asteroid’s surface delivered to Earth by Japan’s Hayabusa2 spacecraft...

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First Transient Electronic Bandage Speeds Healing by 30 percent

The device fits easily into the palm of a hand.
The device fits easily into the palm of a hand.

Northwestern University researchers have developed a first-of-its-kind small, flexible, stretchable bandage that accelerates healing by delivering electrotherapy directly to the wound site.

In an animal study, the new bandage healed diabetic ulcers 30% faster than in mice without the bandage.

The bandage also actively monitors the healing process and then harmlessly dissolves—electrodes and all—into the body after it is no longer needed. The new device could provide a powerful tool for patients with diabetes, whose ulcers can lead to various complications, including amputated limbs or even death.

The research will be published online in the Feb. 22 issue of the journal Science Advances...

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A New Chip for Decoding Data Transmissions demonstrates Record-breaking Energy Efficiency

Four line rays, starting with a tangled ball and gradually untying to a straight line, are shown on a blue background with white dots.
Caption:This new decoder chip uses a universal decoding algorithm that MIT researchers previously developed, which can unravel any error correcting code. It has broken the record for energy-efficient decoding, performing between 10 and 100 times better than other hardware.
Credits:Image: Christine Daniloff, MIT

Imagine using an online banking app to deposit money into your account. Like all information sent over the internet, those communications could be corrupted by noise that inserts errors into the data.

To overcome this problem, senders encode data before they are transmitted, and then a receiver uses a decoding algorithm to correct errors and recover the original message...

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