Newly discovered form of Salty Ice could exist on Surface of Extraterrestrial Moons

Newly discovered form of salty ice could exist on surface of extraterrestrial moons
Researchers discovered two new crystals made from water and table salt at low temperatures, below about minus 50°C. The known structure (left) has one salt molecule (yellow and green balls) to two water molecules (red and pink balls). X-ray imaging let researchers determine the position of individual atoms in the new structures. The center structure has two sodium chloride molecules for every 17 water molecules and stays stable even if pressure drops to near vacuum, as would exist on a lunar surface. The structure on the right has one sodium chloride molecule for every 13 water molecules, and is stable only at high pressure. Credit: Baptiste Journaux/University of Washington

The red streaks crisscrossing the surface of Europa, one of Jupiter’s moons, are striking...

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Scientists Make Breakthrough for ‘Next Generation’ Cancer Treatment

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Scientists at the University of East Anglia are a step closer to creating a new generation of light-activated cancer treatments. The futuristic sounding treatment would work by switching on LED lights embedded close to a tumour, which would then activate biotherapeutic drugs.

These new treatments would be highly targeted and more effective than current state-of-the-art cancer immunotherapies.

New research published today reveals the science behind this innovative idea.

It shows how the UEA team have engineered antibody fragments – which not only ‘fuse’ with their target but are also light activated.

It means that in future, immunotherapy treatments could be engineered to attack tumours more precisely than ever before.

The principal scientist for this study, ...

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Electronic Metadevices Break Barriers to Ultrafast Communications

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Samizadeh Nikoo, M., Matioli, E. Electronic metadevices for terahertz applications. Nature 614, 451–455 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05595-z

EPFL researchers have come up with a new approach to electronics that involves engineering metastructures at the sub-wavelength scale. It could launch the next generation of ultra-fast devices for exchanging massive amounts of data, with applications in 6G communications and beyond.

Until now, the ability to make electronic devices faster has come down to a simple principle: scaling down transistors and other components. But this approach is reaching its limit, as the benefits of shrinking are counterbalanced by detrimental effects like resistance and decreased output power.

Elison Matioli of the Power and Wide-band-gap Elect...

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Astrophysics: Scientists observe High-speed Star Formation

New observations have brought to light that stars can form through the dynamic interaction of gas within interstellar gas clouds. This process unfolds faster than previously assumed, research within the FEEDBACK programme on board the flying observatory SOFIA revealed.

Even though SOFIA is no longer in operation, the data collected so far are essential for basic astronomical research because there is no longer an instrument that extensively maps the sky in this wavelength range (typically 60 to 200 micrometres). The now active James Webb Space Telescope observes in the infrared at shorter wavelengths and focuses on spatially small areas...

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