Single gene found to influence gut bacteria balance and IBD susceptibility

Declan McCole

Two recent studies from the University of California, Riverside, published in the same issue of Gut Microbes highlight the role of a gene called PTPN2 in protecting the gut from harmful bacteria linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Led by Declan McCole, a professor of biomedical sciences in the School of Medicine, the studies show that when PTPN2 does not function properly, the gut becomes more vulnerable to infection and inflammation.

People with IBD often have higher levels of AIEC, a harmful type of E. coli bacteria. AIEC can attach to the gut lining, invade gut cells, damage the gut’s protective barrier, and worsen inflammation.

Normally, PTPN2 helps maintain gut health by controlling inflammation and supporting a balanced gut microbiome...

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Origami-inspired ring lets users ‘feel’ virtual worlds

A ring that lets users 'feel' virtual worlds
A wearable haptic force-feedback ring with a three-axis force-sensing skin. A) We developed a wearable haptic ring, OriRing, which weighs only 18 g and generates forces of up to 6.5 N. The design incorporates a folding-based prismatic joint, a three-axis force-sensing skin, inkjet-printed bending sensors, SPAs and 3D printed ring frames. B) Force-sensing skin consists of an upper layer with soft pyramid microstructures, a lower layer with four resistive pixels and a spacer separating the two layers. This design enables the detection of both normal and shear forces. C) With its multimodal sensing and actuation capabilities, OriRing renders the size and stiffness of virtual objects through kinaesthetic and proprioceptive feedback...
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Astrophysicists discover largest sulfur-containing molecular compound in space

Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE), in collaboration with astrophysicists from the Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA, have identified the largest sulfur-bearing molecule ever found in space: 2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-thione (C₆H₆S). They made this breakthrough by combining laboratory experiments with astronomical observations. The molecule resides in the molecular cloud G+0.693–0.027, about 27,000 light-years from Earth near the center of the Milky Way.

With a stable six-membered ring and a total of 13 atoms, it far exceeds the size of all previously detected sulfur-containing compounds in space. The study is published in Nature Astronomy.

Significance of the discovery for astrochemistry
“This is the first unambiguous detection of ...

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A “dormant” brain protein turns out to be a powerful switch

Delta-type ionotropic glutamate receptors, or GluDs, are made of four GluD protein subunits that make a single receptor. The blue is D-serine, which is the neurotransmitter that activates the receptor
Delta-type ionotropic glutamate receptors, or GluDs, are made of four GluD protein subunits that make a single receptor. The blue is D-serine, which is the neurotransmitter that activates the receptor. Credit: Edward Twomey, Ph.D.

Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine report that they have uncovered a promising drug target that could allow scientists to increase or decrease the activity of specific brain proteins. The discovery may lead to new treatments for psychiatric conditions such as anxiety and schizophrenia, as well as a neurological disorder that affects movement and balance. The work was supported by funding from the National Institutes of Health.

The proteins at the center of the research are known as delta-type ionotropic glutamate receptors, or GluDs...

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