Category Physics

Speaking the Same Language: How Artificial Neurons Mimic Biological Neurons

Speaking the same language: How artificial neurons mimic biological neurons
A biological neuron and the OAN. a, Simplified schematic of a biological neuron. Action potentials, the basic cell-to-cell communication events, are generated by rapid transmembrane ion exchanges through ion channels, and they propagate across the axon. In myelinated cells, alternate myelin/non-myelin domains (nodes of Ranvier) contribute to the fast and long-range action potential propagation. Biological neurons are immersed in an electrochemical environment, such as an aqueous electrolyte. This extracellular space is a common reservoir containing various biological carriers for signaling and processing (ions, biomolecules and so on). Noise is also present in this environment. Ionic channels on the membrane endow neurons with ionic/molecular specificity and recognition. b, Circuit diagra...
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Seeing Clearly into a New Realm – Researchers Prototype a New Generation of Quantum Microscopy

An artist's impression of a quantum microscope for study of chemical reactions and to identify molecular origin. Credit: Dr Mehran Kianinia
An artist’s impression of a quantum microscope for study of chemical reactions and to identify molecular origin. Credit: Dr Mehran Kianinia

With the advance of quantum technologies, new microscopy modalities are becoming possible – ones that can see electric currents, detect fluctuating magnetic fields, and even see single molecules on a surface. A prototype of such a microscope, demonstrating high resolution sensitivity, has been developed by an Australian research team.

While quantum computing seems like the big-ticket item among the developing technologies based on the behaviour of matter and energy on the atomic and subatomic level, another direction promises to open a new door for scientific research itself — quantum microscopy.

With the advance of quantum technologies, new ...

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Researchers discover Security Loophole allowing Attackers to use Wi-Fi to See Through Walls

Researchers discover security loophole allowing attackers to use Wi-Fi to see through walls
Overview of Wi-Peep. Credit: Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing And Networking (2022). DOI: 10.1145/3495243.3560530

A research team based out of the University of Waterloo has developed a drone-powered device that can use Wi-Fi networks to see through walls. The device, nicknamed Wi-Peep, can fly near a building and then use the inhabitants’ Wi-Fi network to identify and locate all Wi-Fi-enabled devices inside in a matter of seconds.

The Wi-Peep exploits a loophole the researchers call polite Wi-Fi. Even if a network is password protected, smart devices will automatically respond to contact attempts from any device within range...

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Smart Windows that can Polarize Sunlight could offer a Low Energy Alternative to Wi-Fi

An enlightened route to wireless communications
Illustration of the polarizer effect on the polarized light. Credit: IEEE Photonics Journal (2022). DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2022.3200833

Sunshine streaming through a window could be directly harnessed for wireless data transmission to electronic devices. KAUST researchers have designed a smart glass system that can modulate the sunlight passing through it, encoding data into the light that can be detected and decoded by devices in the room. The use of sunlight to send data would offer a greener mode of communication compared to conventional Wi-Fi or cellular data transmission.

Basem Shihada had been exploring data encoding into an artificial light source when he had the lightbulb moment to use sunshine...

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