Discoveries at the Edge of the Periodic Table: First ever measurements of Einsteinium

Berkeley Lab scientists Jennifer Wacker (from left), Leticia Arnedo -Sanchez, Korey Carter, Katherine Shield work with radioactive samples under fume hoods in the chemistry lab of Rebecca Abergel. (Credit: Marilyn Sargent/Berkeley Lab)

Experiments scientists on this highly radioactive element reveal some unexpected properties. Since element 99 — einsteinium — was discovered in 1952 at the Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) from the debris of the first hydrogen bomb, scientists have performed very few experiments with it because it is so hard to create and is exceptionally radioactive...

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Study of Supergiant star Betelgeuse unveils the cause of its Pulsations

Recent brightness variations of Betelgeuse. Stellar pulsation causes the star’s brightness to vary, but the large dip in brightness in early 2020 is unprecedented. A comparison of direct images of the surface of Betelgeuse between January 2019 and December 2019 show that large portions of the star faded in December 2019, which could indicate a dust cloud appearing in front of it. The images were taken by the European Southern Observatory’s (ESO’s) Very Large Telescope. (Credit: ESO/M. Montargès et al.) For brightness data, see the caption of Fig 2.

Recalibrated its mass, radius, and distance. Betelgeuse is normally one of the brightest, most recognizable stars of the winter sky, marking the left shoulder of the constellation Orion...

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Fungi in the Gut prime Immunity against Infection

Graphic depicting relationship between fungi in gut, antibody levels and CARD gene
Relationship between gut fungi, anti-fungal antibodies, CARD9 gene, and fungal immunity. Image courtesy of the Iliev lab.

Common fungi, often present in the gut, teach the immune system how to respond to their more dangerous relatives, according to new research from scientists at Weill Cornell Medicine. Breakdowns in this process can leave people susceptible to deadly fungal infections.

The study, published Feb. 5 in Cell, reveals a new twist in the complex relationship between humans and their associated microbes, and points the way toward novel therapies that could help combat a rising tide of drug-resistant pathogens.

The new discovery stemmed from work on inflammatory bowel disease, which often causes patients to carry larger than normal populations of fungi in their guts...

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Inductance based on a Quantum Effect has the Potential to Miniaturize Inductors

Inductance based on a quantum effect has the potential to miniaturize inductors
A conventional inductor mounted on a printed circuit board. Inductors have resisted miniaturization until now, but the demonstration of a quantum source of inductance by RIKEN researchers promises to result in much smaller inductors. Credit: GIPHOTOSTOCK / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

Mobile-phone chargers and other devices could become much smaller after an all-RIKEN team of physicists successfully shrunk an electrical component known as an inductor to microscale dimensions using a quantum effect.

Inductors are a basic component of modern electrical circuits, and they are used in a wide range of applications including information processing, wireless circuits and chargers for mobile devices. They are based on the law of induction that English physicist Michael Faraday discovered in 1831...

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